GCSE EDEXCEL June 2024 Geography B Paper 2
accessible rural areas - anseast devon, Met Office moved there, biggest IT move in
history, move brought £74 million annually to east devon, move had massive multiplier
effect,
bad for east devon - ansloads of people want to live there, needs more housing but
housing prices are rising bc more people moving to live there, needs affordable
housing, lots of visits to attractions like dartmoor national park, puts pressure on
environmentally sensitive areas
canary wharf jobs - ansaverage salary 100,000£+, 100,000 people work there and
commute there, most companies work in banking and investment, earn on commission
for some jobs
canary wharf working hours - ansget in early and leave late so they can trade with asia
and america
causes of Sheffield floods 2007 - ansprolonged rain - 15 june+25 june = 190mm of rain
rivers+landscape - steep hills = surface run off, reservoirs (from 3 rivers) overfilled,
confluence (river Rivelin + river Loxley) caused large increase in water volume and
backlog with river Don (another confluence)
china clay quarrying in cornwall - ansdecline bc of cheaper clay overseas
coastal erosion - ansChristchurch Bay, on uk south coast, cliffs erode over 2m each
year, threatens residential areas along coast like Barton -On-Sea
decentralisation in london - ansshifting of balance of shopping and employment away
from the CBD, leads to increase of shopping centres, retail parks and business parks
and also e-commerce means people buy online instead of in store
decline of the old economy - ansDinnington, South Yorkshire
deindistrialization in london - ansports closed when large shipping containers became
popular and needed bigger ships so ports moved to places with deeper water, industries
that relied on the port like a flour mills closed and moved and area became
deindustrialised
depopulation in london - answhen industries left with the docks, people left the area to
find work elsewhere
deprivation - anslack of wealth and services, usually means low standards of living
caused by low income, poor health and low educational qualifications
,deprivation in london - ansin 2012 over 2 million people in london lived in poverty,
incomes in london are more unequal than the rest of the uk
dinnington - ansold coal mining town, thrived (primary sector) now mines have changed
to a business park (tertiary sector)
diversification - ansa strategy of increasing sales by introducing new products into new
markets, for example farms open up a farm shop and selling products like eggs and
cheese and jam and meat, £10 spent in farm shops = £23 spent in local economy due
to multiplier effect
domino effect - ansas one industry collapses (eg. mining) it leads to the collapse of
others
east anglia - anslow lying, all 100m under sea level, bushes and hedges used as field
boundaries and fertile fields
eden project in cornwall - ansyear round attraction, biomes with rainforests, in its first
ten years 13 million visited, generated an extra £1 billion for cornish economy,
employed 700 people and made 3000 jobs elsewhere
employment in cornwall - ansmost of employment in cornwall is primary (farming,
fishing, china clay quarrying, tin mining) but there's no need so less people work in
those jobs and not many have permanent full time jobs in this sector
environmental quality in london - ansspace is used for housing and offices rather than
green space so environmental quality is decreasing
ethnic communities - ansethnic groups grouped in certain areas in the city, brought and
shared their culture, language, and traditions, avoid discrimination and support local
shops, churches (mosques)
farming in cornwall - anshard to dairy farm bc supermarkets drive down prices
fighting decentralisation in london - ansopen new shopping centres (westfields x2) to
attract people back to the city
fishing in cornwall - ansdecline caused by overfishing of uk's fish sticks by UK and EU
boats
flood case study - ansSheffield floods in 2007
health and services in cornwall - answest cornwall is one of uk's most deprived areas
and has lack of health services like doctors surgeries and hospitals, hospitals too far
away in emergencies, some people have to travel far for college (30+ miles)
,how london is being improved - anscongestion charge, encourage people to work from
home, affordable housing projects, energy efficient housing, green spaces, recycling
(london aims to decrease average household waste by 10%)
human activity shapes the landscape - ansyorkshire dales and east anglia
human causes of Sheffield floods 2007 - ansheavily urbanised = high surface run off
Sheffield's flood defences were overwhelmed
predicting where floods would happen was hard bc sudden rain
fallen trees along rivers Sheaf, Loxley and Don (blocked channels)
council denied responsibility, event was 1 in 400 years flood and they couldn't have
planned ahead
impacts of coastal erosion - anslose homes to sea
house values fall and impossible to get insurance
dangerous to live there and be on beach
roads + other infrastructure destroyed
erosion makes the area unattractive
impacts of Sheffield floods 2007 - ans2 people drowned
1200+ homes flooded
1000 businesses affected
roads damaged/blocked + rail links flooded
13,000 w/out power for 2 days
Hillsborough football stadium under 8m of water, cost millions to repair
health risks from raw sewage leaking into floodwater
Clarkson Osborn, Sheffield Forgemasters International + Cadbury Trevor Bassett had
£15 million in damage each
Meadowhall shopping centre flooded and closed for a week
improving london - ansimprove quality of life - living costs, commuting, employment,
green spaces, waste
knowledge economy - anseconomy based on specialised knowledge and skill, requires
specialised degrees, includes law, banking, insurance, IT etc
lake district features - ansscree, u-shaped valleys made from glaciers
lake district processes - ansrockfalls, landslides, weathering
living in london - ansso many people live in and around london that planners introduced
a green belt around the city to protect the countryside (no major building allowed in it)
london + rural urban fringe - anslondon depends on rural urban fringe bc not enough
space in london to house it's employees
, london's changing population - ans1.9 million people came from overseas to london
between 2000 and 2013
london's cultural diversity - ansloads of people eg. refugees from years ago, jewish,
christian, european etc and with knowledge economy, attractive for migrants to work
there
london's economy - ansprovides lots of opportunities, makes its own multiplier effect
london's inner suburbs - anschanging rapidly, becoming more expensive as being
redeveloped,
london's location - ansclose to europe and trades by sea quickly, can trade with asia,
america and australia bc of time zone, worlds largest international air hub, eurostar =
close to major european cities, fast rail services to uk cities and most a roads an d
motorways lead to london
london's rebranding - ansinner city suburbs have been rebranded and derelict land is
now hotels, housing, offices etc and new transport links makes east london accessible
london's rebranding (-) - ansmore expensive housing and living costs, overseas
investors buy london property but leave it empty = housing demand, london needs more
affordable housing
london's regeneration - ansbc of 2012 olympic games, derelict parts of london were
regenerated into flats and parks and the olympic stadiums etc
london's rural-urban fringe - answhere city meets countryside, housing density is lower,
environmental quality is higher and access to central london with public transport like
trains
london's structure - ansCBD - oldest part of the city, most accessible
has 3 - main CBD, canary wharf, west end (shops)
benefits from green spaces like hyde park
lowland landscape - ansThe Weald
migrants who move to london - ansmost are working age adults between 21-35, skilled
(educated, jobs in knowledge economy) and unskilled (working in jobs other people
don't want, cleaning etc)
multiple deprivation in london - ansconsiders lots of factors, like incomes, housing,
health and services also deprivation linked to crime
accessible rural areas - anseast devon, Met Office moved there, biggest IT move in
history, move brought £74 million annually to east devon, move had massive multiplier
effect,
bad for east devon - ansloads of people want to live there, needs more housing but
housing prices are rising bc more people moving to live there, needs affordable
housing, lots of visits to attractions like dartmoor national park, puts pressure on
environmentally sensitive areas
canary wharf jobs - ansaverage salary 100,000£+, 100,000 people work there and
commute there, most companies work in banking and investment, earn on commission
for some jobs
canary wharf working hours - ansget in early and leave late so they can trade with asia
and america
causes of Sheffield floods 2007 - ansprolonged rain - 15 june+25 june = 190mm of rain
rivers+landscape - steep hills = surface run off, reservoirs (from 3 rivers) overfilled,
confluence (river Rivelin + river Loxley) caused large increase in water volume and
backlog with river Don (another confluence)
china clay quarrying in cornwall - ansdecline bc of cheaper clay overseas
coastal erosion - ansChristchurch Bay, on uk south coast, cliffs erode over 2m each
year, threatens residential areas along coast like Barton -On-Sea
decentralisation in london - ansshifting of balance of shopping and employment away
from the CBD, leads to increase of shopping centres, retail parks and business parks
and also e-commerce means people buy online instead of in store
decline of the old economy - ansDinnington, South Yorkshire
deindistrialization in london - ansports closed when large shipping containers became
popular and needed bigger ships so ports moved to places with deeper water, industries
that relied on the port like a flour mills closed and moved and area became
deindustrialised
depopulation in london - answhen industries left with the docks, people left the area to
find work elsewhere
deprivation - anslack of wealth and services, usually means low standards of living
caused by low income, poor health and low educational qualifications
,deprivation in london - ansin 2012 over 2 million people in london lived in poverty,
incomes in london are more unequal than the rest of the uk
dinnington - ansold coal mining town, thrived (primary sector) now mines have changed
to a business park (tertiary sector)
diversification - ansa strategy of increasing sales by introducing new products into new
markets, for example farms open up a farm shop and selling products like eggs and
cheese and jam and meat, £10 spent in farm shops = £23 spent in local economy due
to multiplier effect
domino effect - ansas one industry collapses (eg. mining) it leads to the collapse of
others
east anglia - anslow lying, all 100m under sea level, bushes and hedges used as field
boundaries and fertile fields
eden project in cornwall - ansyear round attraction, biomes with rainforests, in its first
ten years 13 million visited, generated an extra £1 billion for cornish economy,
employed 700 people and made 3000 jobs elsewhere
employment in cornwall - ansmost of employment in cornwall is primary (farming,
fishing, china clay quarrying, tin mining) but there's no need so less people work in
those jobs and not many have permanent full time jobs in this sector
environmental quality in london - ansspace is used for housing and offices rather than
green space so environmental quality is decreasing
ethnic communities - ansethnic groups grouped in certain areas in the city, brought and
shared their culture, language, and traditions, avoid discrimination and support local
shops, churches (mosques)
farming in cornwall - anshard to dairy farm bc supermarkets drive down prices
fighting decentralisation in london - ansopen new shopping centres (westfields x2) to
attract people back to the city
fishing in cornwall - ansdecline caused by overfishing of uk's fish sticks by UK and EU
boats
flood case study - ansSheffield floods in 2007
health and services in cornwall - answest cornwall is one of uk's most deprived areas
and has lack of health services like doctors surgeries and hospitals, hospitals too far
away in emergencies, some people have to travel far for college (30+ miles)
,how london is being improved - anscongestion charge, encourage people to work from
home, affordable housing projects, energy efficient housing, green spaces, recycling
(london aims to decrease average household waste by 10%)
human activity shapes the landscape - ansyorkshire dales and east anglia
human causes of Sheffield floods 2007 - ansheavily urbanised = high surface run off
Sheffield's flood defences were overwhelmed
predicting where floods would happen was hard bc sudden rain
fallen trees along rivers Sheaf, Loxley and Don (blocked channels)
council denied responsibility, event was 1 in 400 years flood and they couldn't have
planned ahead
impacts of coastal erosion - anslose homes to sea
house values fall and impossible to get insurance
dangerous to live there and be on beach
roads + other infrastructure destroyed
erosion makes the area unattractive
impacts of Sheffield floods 2007 - ans2 people drowned
1200+ homes flooded
1000 businesses affected
roads damaged/blocked + rail links flooded
13,000 w/out power for 2 days
Hillsborough football stadium under 8m of water, cost millions to repair
health risks from raw sewage leaking into floodwater
Clarkson Osborn, Sheffield Forgemasters International + Cadbury Trevor Bassett had
£15 million in damage each
Meadowhall shopping centre flooded and closed for a week
improving london - ansimprove quality of life - living costs, commuting, employment,
green spaces, waste
knowledge economy - anseconomy based on specialised knowledge and skill, requires
specialised degrees, includes law, banking, insurance, IT etc
lake district features - ansscree, u-shaped valleys made from glaciers
lake district processes - ansrockfalls, landslides, weathering
living in london - ansso many people live in and around london that planners introduced
a green belt around the city to protect the countryside (no major building allowed in it)
london + rural urban fringe - anslondon depends on rural urban fringe bc not enough
space in london to house it's employees
, london's changing population - ans1.9 million people came from overseas to london
between 2000 and 2013
london's cultural diversity - ansloads of people eg. refugees from years ago, jewish,
christian, european etc and with knowledge economy, attractive for migrants to work
there
london's economy - ansprovides lots of opportunities, makes its own multiplier effect
london's inner suburbs - anschanging rapidly, becoming more expensive as being
redeveloped,
london's location - ansclose to europe and trades by sea quickly, can trade with asia,
america and australia bc of time zone, worlds largest international air hub, eurostar =
close to major european cities, fast rail services to uk cities and most a roads an d
motorways lead to london
london's rebranding - ansinner city suburbs have been rebranded and derelict land is
now hotels, housing, offices etc and new transport links makes east london accessible
london's rebranding (-) - ansmore expensive housing and living costs, overseas
investors buy london property but leave it empty = housing demand, london needs more
affordable housing
london's regeneration - ansbc of 2012 olympic games, derelict parts of london were
regenerated into flats and parks and the olympic stadiums etc
london's rural-urban fringe - answhere city meets countryside, housing density is lower,
environmental quality is higher and access to central london with public transport like
trains
london's structure - ansCBD - oldest part of the city, most accessible
has 3 - main CBD, canary wharf, west end (shops)
benefits from green spaces like hyde park
lowland landscape - ansThe Weald
migrants who move to london - ansmost are working age adults between 21-35, skilled
(educated, jobs in knowledge economy) and unskilled (working in jobs other people
don't want, cleaning etc)
multiple deprivation in london - ansconsiders lots of factors, like incomes, housing,
health and services also deprivation linked to crime
