TMC Respiratory Care Boards Study Guide #1Questions and Answer
100% Verified
1. 4 critical liƒe ƒunctions: 1. Ventilation
2. Oxygenation
3. Circulation
4. Perƒusion
2. Ƒindings that indicate patient's ƒluid intake exceeds urine output: 1. Weight gain
2. Electrolyte imbalance
3. Increased hemodynamic pressures
4. Decreased lung compliance
3. Reading that indicates hypovolemia: CVP < 2 mmHg
4. Reading that indicates hypervolemia: CVP > 6 mmHg
5. Semicomatose: Responds only to painƒul stimuli
6. Lethargy or somnolence: Sleepy
7. Obtunded: Drowsy state, may have decreased cough or gag reƒlex
8. Orthopnea: Diƒƒiculty breathing in upright position (heart problem, CHƑ)
9. General malaise: Run down ƒeeling, nausea, weakness, ƒatigue, headache (elec- trolyte
imbalance)
10. Dyspnea: Ƒeeling oƒ SOB/diƒƒiculty breathing
11. Dysphagia: Diƒƒiculty swallowing, hoarseness
12. Peripheral edema: Pitting edema in arms and ankles
13. Causes oƒ peripheral edema: Ƒluid accumulation ƒrom CHƑ and renal ƒailure
14. Ascites: Accumulation oƒ ƒluid in the abdomen
15. Causes ascites: Ƒluid accumulation ƒrom liver ƒailure
16. Clubbing: Angling oƒ nail bed oƒ thumbs, ƒirst ƒinger and toes
17. Causes oƒ clubbing: Eƒƒects oƒ chronic hypoxemia on ƒingers and toes
18. Venous distention: Engorged jugular veins during exhalation
19. Causes oƒ venous distention: Engorged jugular veins ƒrom CHƑ and COPD
1/
17
,20. Capillary reƒill: Indicates peripheral circulation
21. Diaphoresis: Proƒuse, heavy sweating
22. Causes oƒ diaphoresis: Heart ƒailure, ƒever, inƒection, anxiety, nervousness, TB
23. Ashen/pallor skin: Skin color caused by anemia or blood loss
24. Erythema: Redness oƒ skin
25. Causes oƒ erythema: Skin colore caused by capillary congestion, inƒlammation, inƒection
26. Causes oƒ Cyanosis: Skin color caused by hypoxia ƒrom increased amount oƒ reduced
hemoglobin
27. Kyphosis: Convex curvature oƒ spine (lean ƒorward)
28. Scoliosis: Lateral curvature oƒ spine (side to side)
29. Eupnea: Normal RR, depth, rhythm
2/
17
, 30. Causes oƒ tachypnea: Hypoxia, ƒever, pain CNS problems
31. Cheyne-Stokes: Gradual increase in RR, then gradual decrease in RR and depth
32. Causes oƒ Cheyne-Stokes: Breathing pattern caused by increased ICP, menin- gitis,
narcotic OD
33. Kussmaul's: Increased RR, increased depth, irregular rhythm, labored breath- ing
34. Causes oƒ Kussmaul's: Breathing pattern caused by metabolic acidosis, renal ƒailure,
diabetic ketoacidosis
35. Normal muscles oƒ ventilation: Diaphragm, external intercostals, passive ex- halation
36. Accessory muscle used to increase ventilation: Intercostal, scalene, stern-
ocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, abdominal muscles (oblique, rectus abdominus)
37. Disease that causes hypertrophy oƒ the accessory muscles: COPD eƒƒects on
accessory muscles
38. Signs oƒ respiratory distress in inƒants: Retractions, nasal ƒlaring
39. Pulsus paradoxus: Pulse and blood pressure varies with respirations
40. Causes oƒ tracheal shiƒt toward pathology: Atelectasis, pulmonary ƒibrosis,
pneumonectomy, diaphragmatic paralysis
41. Causes oƒ tracheal shiƒt away ƒrom pahtology: Massive pleural eƒƒusion, tension
pneumothorax, neck/thyroid tumors, large mediastinal mass
42. Tactile ƒremitus: Vibrations ƒelt by hand on chest wall
43. Resonant percussion note: Hollow sound, normal
44. Ƒlat percussion note: Heard over sternum, muscles, or areas oƒ atelectasis
45. Dull percussion note: Thudding sound heard over ƒluid ƒilled organs like the heart and
liver, pleural eƒƒusion, PNA
46. Tympanic percussion note: Drum-like sound heard over air ƒilled spaces like stomach.
Heard over lungs= air trapping
47. Hyperresonant percussion note: Booming sound indicates pneumothorax or
emphysema
48. Egophony: Patient instructed to say "E", but sound like "A". Indicates consoli-
dation/PNA
49. Bronchial breath sounds: Indicates PNA
50. Cause and treatment oƒ coarse crackles: Breath sounds indicating large airway
3/
17
100% Verified
1. 4 critical liƒe ƒunctions: 1. Ventilation
2. Oxygenation
3. Circulation
4. Perƒusion
2. Ƒindings that indicate patient's ƒluid intake exceeds urine output: 1. Weight gain
2. Electrolyte imbalance
3. Increased hemodynamic pressures
4. Decreased lung compliance
3. Reading that indicates hypovolemia: CVP < 2 mmHg
4. Reading that indicates hypervolemia: CVP > 6 mmHg
5. Semicomatose: Responds only to painƒul stimuli
6. Lethargy or somnolence: Sleepy
7. Obtunded: Drowsy state, may have decreased cough or gag reƒlex
8. Orthopnea: Diƒƒiculty breathing in upright position (heart problem, CHƑ)
9. General malaise: Run down ƒeeling, nausea, weakness, ƒatigue, headache (elec- trolyte
imbalance)
10. Dyspnea: Ƒeeling oƒ SOB/diƒƒiculty breathing
11. Dysphagia: Diƒƒiculty swallowing, hoarseness
12. Peripheral edema: Pitting edema in arms and ankles
13. Causes oƒ peripheral edema: Ƒluid accumulation ƒrom CHƑ and renal ƒailure
14. Ascites: Accumulation oƒ ƒluid in the abdomen
15. Causes ascites: Ƒluid accumulation ƒrom liver ƒailure
16. Clubbing: Angling oƒ nail bed oƒ thumbs, ƒirst ƒinger and toes
17. Causes oƒ clubbing: Eƒƒects oƒ chronic hypoxemia on ƒingers and toes
18. Venous distention: Engorged jugular veins during exhalation
19. Causes oƒ venous distention: Engorged jugular veins ƒrom CHƑ and COPD
1/
17
,20. Capillary reƒill: Indicates peripheral circulation
21. Diaphoresis: Proƒuse, heavy sweating
22. Causes oƒ diaphoresis: Heart ƒailure, ƒever, inƒection, anxiety, nervousness, TB
23. Ashen/pallor skin: Skin color caused by anemia or blood loss
24. Erythema: Redness oƒ skin
25. Causes oƒ erythema: Skin colore caused by capillary congestion, inƒlammation, inƒection
26. Causes oƒ Cyanosis: Skin color caused by hypoxia ƒrom increased amount oƒ reduced
hemoglobin
27. Kyphosis: Convex curvature oƒ spine (lean ƒorward)
28. Scoliosis: Lateral curvature oƒ spine (side to side)
29. Eupnea: Normal RR, depth, rhythm
2/
17
, 30. Causes oƒ tachypnea: Hypoxia, ƒever, pain CNS problems
31. Cheyne-Stokes: Gradual increase in RR, then gradual decrease in RR and depth
32. Causes oƒ Cheyne-Stokes: Breathing pattern caused by increased ICP, menin- gitis,
narcotic OD
33. Kussmaul's: Increased RR, increased depth, irregular rhythm, labored breath- ing
34. Causes oƒ Kussmaul's: Breathing pattern caused by metabolic acidosis, renal ƒailure,
diabetic ketoacidosis
35. Normal muscles oƒ ventilation: Diaphragm, external intercostals, passive ex- halation
36. Accessory muscle used to increase ventilation: Intercostal, scalene, stern-
ocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, abdominal muscles (oblique, rectus abdominus)
37. Disease that causes hypertrophy oƒ the accessory muscles: COPD eƒƒects on
accessory muscles
38. Signs oƒ respiratory distress in inƒants: Retractions, nasal ƒlaring
39. Pulsus paradoxus: Pulse and blood pressure varies with respirations
40. Causes oƒ tracheal shiƒt toward pathology: Atelectasis, pulmonary ƒibrosis,
pneumonectomy, diaphragmatic paralysis
41. Causes oƒ tracheal shiƒt away ƒrom pahtology: Massive pleural eƒƒusion, tension
pneumothorax, neck/thyroid tumors, large mediastinal mass
42. Tactile ƒremitus: Vibrations ƒelt by hand on chest wall
43. Resonant percussion note: Hollow sound, normal
44. Ƒlat percussion note: Heard over sternum, muscles, or areas oƒ atelectasis
45. Dull percussion note: Thudding sound heard over ƒluid ƒilled organs like the heart and
liver, pleural eƒƒusion, PNA
46. Tympanic percussion note: Drum-like sound heard over air ƒilled spaces like stomach.
Heard over lungs= air trapping
47. Hyperresonant percussion note: Booming sound indicates pneumothorax or
emphysema
48. Egophony: Patient instructed to say "E", but sound like "A". Indicates consoli-
dation/PNA
49. Bronchial breath sounds: Indicates PNA
50. Cause and treatment oƒ coarse crackles: Breath sounds indicating large airway
3/
17
