SAEM EXAM 2025/2026 125 QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
First steps for SOB - 1. Vitals
2. O2 via NC or NRB, BVM if not breathing adequately on their own
3. IV access
4. Cardiac and pulse Ox monitoring
5. EKG
6. CXR
7. US
8. Dimer
9. BNP
10. troops
When do you use Non-Invasive PPV? - -moderate to severe dyspneal
-accessory muscle use
-paradoxical abdominal movement
-fatigue
-RR > 25 bpm
-pH < 7.35
-pCO2 > 45
When do you not use NIPPV? - -respiratory arrest
-hemodynamic instability
-aspiration risk
-airway obstruction
-unable to tolerate mask
, -AMS
DDx for SOB? - - CHF exacerbation
- ACS
- Anaphylaxis
- Asthma/COPD
- Tamponade
- PE
- PNA
- airway obstruction
Causes of systolic heart failure - Heart cannot "squeeze" due to:
- ischemic heart disease
- CAD
- Hypertension
- fluid overload
- arrhythmia
- renal DZ
- regurgitant valvular disease
Leads to eccentric hypertrophy
Causes of diastolic heart failure - Heart cannot "relax" due to:
- hypertension
- cardiomyopathy
- CAD
- DM
CORRECT ANSWERS
First steps for SOB - 1. Vitals
2. O2 via NC or NRB, BVM if not breathing adequately on their own
3. IV access
4. Cardiac and pulse Ox monitoring
5. EKG
6. CXR
7. US
8. Dimer
9. BNP
10. troops
When do you use Non-Invasive PPV? - -moderate to severe dyspneal
-accessory muscle use
-paradoxical abdominal movement
-fatigue
-RR > 25 bpm
-pH < 7.35
-pCO2 > 45
When do you not use NIPPV? - -respiratory arrest
-hemodynamic instability
-aspiration risk
-airway obstruction
-unable to tolerate mask
, -AMS
DDx for SOB? - - CHF exacerbation
- ACS
- Anaphylaxis
- Asthma/COPD
- Tamponade
- PE
- PNA
- airway obstruction
Causes of systolic heart failure - Heart cannot "squeeze" due to:
- ischemic heart disease
- CAD
- Hypertension
- fluid overload
- arrhythmia
- renal DZ
- regurgitant valvular disease
Leads to eccentric hypertrophy
Causes of diastolic heart failure - Heart cannot "relax" due to:
- hypertension
- cardiomyopathy
- CAD
- DM
