IHP330
Principles of Epidemiology
Comprehensive Midterms Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which measure is used to describe the frequency of new cases
of a disease in a population over a specific period?
- A. Prevalence
- B. Incidence
- C. Mortality rate
- D. Case fatality rate
ANS: B. Incidence
©/2025
, Rationale: Incidence measures the frequency of new cases of
a disease in a population over a specific period, indicating the risk
of developing the disease.
2. What type of epidemiological study is designed to investigate
the causes of a disease by comparing individuals with the disease
to those without it?
- A. Cohort study
- B. Cross-sectional study
- C. Case-control study
- D. Ecological study
ANS: C. Case-control study
Rationale: Case-control studies compare individuals with a
disease (cases) to those without the disease (controls) to identify
factors associated with the disease.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The __________ rate is a measure of the number of deaths in
a population within a specific period.
ANS: mortality
©/2025
, Rationale: The mortality rate measures the number of deaths
in a population within a specific period, providing information on
the severity and impact of a disease.
4. __________ bias occurs when there is a systematic difference
in the way information is collected for study participants, leading
to inaccurate results.
ANS: Information
Rationale: Information bias occurs when there is a systematic
difference in the way information is collected for study
participants, leading to inaccurate or misleading results.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: A cross-sectional study collects data from a
population at a single point in time.
ANS: True
Rationale: Cross-sectional studies collect data from a
population at a single point in time, providing a snapshot of the
health status or characteristics of the population.
©/2025
, 6. True or False: Confounding occurs when the relationship
between an exposure and an outcome is influenced by a third
variable.
ANS: True
Rationale: Confounding occurs when the relationship
between an exposure and an outcome is influenced by a third
variable that is associated with both the exposure and the
outcome.
Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are key components of the
epidemiologic triad? (Select all that apply)
- A. Agent
- B. Host
- C. Environment
- D. Vector
ANSs: A, B, C
Rationale: The epidemiologic triad consists of three key
components: agent (the cause of the disease), host (the individual
affected by the disease), and environment (the external factors
that influence disease transmission). Vector is not a core
component but can be involved in disease transmission.
©/2025
Principles of Epidemiology
Comprehensive Midterms Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which measure is used to describe the frequency of new cases
of a disease in a population over a specific period?
- A. Prevalence
- B. Incidence
- C. Mortality rate
- D. Case fatality rate
ANS: B. Incidence
©/2025
, Rationale: Incidence measures the frequency of new cases of
a disease in a population over a specific period, indicating the risk
of developing the disease.
2. What type of epidemiological study is designed to investigate
the causes of a disease by comparing individuals with the disease
to those without it?
- A. Cohort study
- B. Cross-sectional study
- C. Case-control study
- D. Ecological study
ANS: C. Case-control study
Rationale: Case-control studies compare individuals with a
disease (cases) to those without the disease (controls) to identify
factors associated with the disease.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The __________ rate is a measure of the number of deaths in
a population within a specific period.
ANS: mortality
©/2025
, Rationale: The mortality rate measures the number of deaths
in a population within a specific period, providing information on
the severity and impact of a disease.
4. __________ bias occurs when there is a systematic difference
in the way information is collected for study participants, leading
to inaccurate results.
ANS: Information
Rationale: Information bias occurs when there is a systematic
difference in the way information is collected for study
participants, leading to inaccurate or misleading results.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: A cross-sectional study collects data from a
population at a single point in time.
ANS: True
Rationale: Cross-sectional studies collect data from a
population at a single point in time, providing a snapshot of the
health status or characteristics of the population.
©/2025
, 6. True or False: Confounding occurs when the relationship
between an exposure and an outcome is influenced by a third
variable.
ANS: True
Rationale: Confounding occurs when the relationship
between an exposure and an outcome is influenced by a third
variable that is associated with both the exposure and the
outcome.
Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are key components of the
epidemiologic triad? (Select all that apply)
- A. Agent
- B. Host
- C. Environment
- D. Vector
ANSs: A, B, C
Rationale: The epidemiologic triad consists of three key
components: agent (the cause of the disease), host (the individual
affected by the disease), and environment (the external factors
that influence disease transmission). Vector is not a core
component but can be involved in disease transmission.
©/2025
