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QUESTION 1 a) Refer to Learning Unit 1 and explain the
notion of “social contract.” (4) b) How is this text relevant to the
notion of a subjective being? 2. Make a connection between the
message of this text and the concept of “learning”. Refer to the
section on “banking education” under item 2.2.3 in this learning
unit and explain which study methods will most likely be
embraced by this kind of education. What is “banking
education”? Further indicate why, in terms thereof, “the student
is reduced to the level of an unthinking object with no views,
values or capacity to engage with the facts”. (4)
1. a) Social Contract
The concept of a social contract refers to a philosophical theory
that explores the implicit agreement between individuals and the
state or society. In this agreement, people consent to surrender
certain freedoms in exchange for the protection of their
remaining rights and the benefits of living in a structured
society. Social contract theories, such as those by philosophers
like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
suggest that individuals create a political and moral foundation
for society by agreeing to abide by common rules and laws. This
contract ensures order and safety while balancing individual
freedoms with the needs of the collective.
, 1. b) Relevance to a Subjective Being
This idea is relevant to the notion of a subjective being because
the social contract directly impacts how individuals relate to
themselves, others, and society as a whole. The subjective being
refers to a person with individual consciousness, self-awareness,
and personal agency. By entering into a social contract,
individuals express their subjective choice to live within certain
societal norms and structures, balancing personal desires with
social obligations. The theory acknowledges that individuals are
not simply passive objects but active participants in shaping the
collective existence.
2. Connection to the Concept of "Learning" and "Banking
Education"
Banking education, as described by Paulo Freire in his work
"Pedagogy of the Oppressed," refers to an educational model
where the teacher is seen as the "subject" (the one who knows)
and the student as the "object" (the one who passively receives
knowledge). In this model, knowledge is deposited into the
student’s mind, much like a bank deposits money. The student is
not encouraged to question or critically engage with the material
but is expected to memorize and repeat information without
personal interpretation or transformation.
In the context of learning, banking education emphasizes
passive absorption of facts rather than the active construction of
knowledge. This contrasts with more progressive educational
methods that focus on dialogue, critical thinking, and problem-
solving. Banking education is likely to embrace study methods
that prioritize rote memorization, passive listening, and