TESTBANK i
1
NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC RESPIR
1i 1i 1i
ATORY CARE 1i
5th Edition, Walsh
1 i
1i
TESTBANK i
1
,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Table of Contents
1i 1i
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 13. Airway Management
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
1i 1i
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 27. Asthma
1i 1i
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 30. Shock
1i 1i
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
1i 1i 1i 1i
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
1i 1i 1i 1i
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
MULTIPLE CHOICE 1i
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
of a capillary network around airway passages?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D 1i
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular cha
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
nnels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pass
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of g
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
estation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develo
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ps, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes pla
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ce from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later bec
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ome alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1
is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
REF: pp. 3-5 1i 1 i
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
be present in the lungs for life develop?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. 6 months 1i
b. 1 year 1i
c. 1.5 years 1i
d. 2 years 1i
ANS: C 1i
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years o
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
f age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveol
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
i continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
REF: p. 6 1i 1i
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A 1i
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnorma
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
lly low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop durin
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
g the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., premature
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ly), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways,
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives ris
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
e to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
REF: 1i1i p. 6 1i
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? 1i 1i 1i
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism 1i 1i
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
III. Interference with fetal breathing 1i 1i 1i
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. I and III only 1i 1i 1i
b. II and III only 1i 1i 1i
c. I, II, and IV only 1i 1i 1i 1i
d. II, III, and IV only 1i 1i 1i 1i
ANS: D 1i
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by whic
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
h amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduc
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ed quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference wit
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
h fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental obser
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
vations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimu
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
lant.
REF: pp. 6-7 1i 1i
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
b. To reduce surface tension 1i 1i 1i
c. To maintain lung elasticity 1i 1i 1i
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
1
NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC RESPIR
1i 1i 1i
ATORY CARE 1i
5th Edition, Walsh
1 i
1i
TESTBANK i
1
,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Table of Contents
1i 1i
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 13. Airway Management
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
1i 1i
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 27. Asthma
1i 1i
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 30. Shock
1i 1i
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
1i 1i 1i
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
1i 1i 1i 1i
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
1i 1i 1i 1i
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
MULTIPLE CHOICE 1i
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
of a capillary network around airway passages?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D 1i
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular cha
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
nnels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pass
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of g
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
estation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develo
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ps, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes pla
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ce from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later bec
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ome alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1
is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
REF: pp. 3-5 1i 1 i
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
be present in the lungs for life develop?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. 6 months 1i
b. 1 year 1i
c. 1.5 years 1i
d. 2 years 1i
ANS: C 1i
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years o
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
f age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveol
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
i continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
REF: p. 6 1i 1i
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A 1i
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnorma
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
lly low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop durin
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
g the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., premature
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ly), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways,
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives ris
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
e to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
REF: 1i1i p. 6 1i
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? 1i 1i 1i
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism 1i 1i
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
III. Interference with fetal breathing 1i 1i 1i
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. I and III only 1i 1i 1i
b. II and III only 1i 1i 1i
c. I, II, and IV only 1i 1i 1i 1i
d. II, III, and IV only 1i 1i 1i 1i
ANS: D 1i
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by whic
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
h amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduc
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ed quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference wit
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
h fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental obser
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
vations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimu
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
lant.
REF: pp. 6-7 1i 1i
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
b. To reduce surface tension 1i 1i 1i
c. To maintain lung elasticity 1i 1i 1i
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
