Mock Exam
3.4. Affective Disorders
Question 1: In the article of Herrman et al. (2022), authors outline three observations in
regards to the roots of depression. Which one is NOT among those observations?
a) Depression is highly correlated with childhood trauma.
b) Depression tends to run in families, often jointly with BPD, substance use, and
anxiety disorders.
c) Most early episodes of depression have an onset shortly after a stressful life event
d) Onset of depression in adolescents and adults is in most cases preceded by
childhood-onset disorders, such as ADHD and anxiety disorders.
Question 2: Which of the following is a key assumption of the Contemporary Integrative
Interpersonal Theory (CIIT) of personality and psychopathology?
a) Personality and psychopathology are determined only by stable traits within an individual.
b) Interpersonal functioning is organized using the dimensions of agency and communion.
c) Personality and psychopathology are independent of interpersonal interactions.
d) Psychopathology is unrelated to the satisfaction of agentic and communal motives.
Question 3: According to Mocrief et al (2022), is there any evidence that depression is
caused by chemical imbalance in the brain?
a) Yes, the concentration of serotonin is lower in the brain of depressed people, but the
activity of the receptor is the same as in healthy individuals.
b) Yes, the activity of the neurotransmitters is lower but the concentration of serotonin
in the brain is the same as in healthy individuals.
c) There is no convincing evidence that depression is associated with, or caused by,
lower serotonin concentrations or activity.
d) The research is highly contradicting, though not showing any publication bias.
Question 4:
According to DSM-5, a person can be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder when they
meet certain criteria. Which of the criteria does not have to be met to be diagnosed with
Major Depressive Disorder?
a) Psychomotor agitation or retardation
b) Diminished ability to concentrate or indecisiveness
1
, c) Worrying about the future
d) Loss of interest or pleasure
Question 5: One of the differences between Beck’s theory and Hopelessness Theory is:
a) According to Beck’s theory, depressive and nondepressive cognition differ in content
(E.g., stable, global vs unstable, specific causal attributions for negative events) but
not process, while Hopelessness theory emphasizes that depressive and
nondepressive cognition differs not only in content but also in process.
b) Beck's theory but not hopelessness theory propose a mediating sequence of
negative inferences that influence whether stressors will lead to depression.
c) According to Hopelessness theory, depressive and nondepressive cognition differ in
content (E.g., stable, global vs unstable, specific causal attributions for negative
events) but not process, while Beck’s theory emphasizes that depressive and
nondepressive cognition differs not only in content but also in process.
d) Beck’s theory emphasized the role of cognition in the origins of depression, while
Hopelessness theory claimed that cognition is important not only for origins but also
for maintenance of depression.
Question 6: Which of the statements in regards to Martin et al (2013) findings on experience
of symptoms of depression in men and women is NOT correct?
a) Top endorsed symptom of depression when using the GIDS scale for men and women
was irritability.
b) Top endorsed symptom of depression when using the GIDS scale for men and women
was depressive mood.
c) When GIDS was used men endorsed significantly higher anger/aggression, substance
abuse, risk taking behaviour and hyperactivity.
d) Women endorsed these symptoms significantly higher: Stress, irritability, sleep
problems, loss of interest in activities.
Question 7: Two statements are based on Kueher et al (2017) “Why depression is more
common among women than men” article. Which statement(s) are correct?
I) Atypical depression, characterised by hypoactivation of the HPA axis represents a distinct
pathophysiological phenotype particularly common in women which contributes to
depression development.
II) Insufficient empirical evidence linking specific genetic variations directly to the gender
gap in depression.
a) Only I correct
2
3.4. Affective Disorders
Question 1: In the article of Herrman et al. (2022), authors outline three observations in
regards to the roots of depression. Which one is NOT among those observations?
a) Depression is highly correlated with childhood trauma.
b) Depression tends to run in families, often jointly with BPD, substance use, and
anxiety disorders.
c) Most early episodes of depression have an onset shortly after a stressful life event
d) Onset of depression in adolescents and adults is in most cases preceded by
childhood-onset disorders, such as ADHD and anxiety disorders.
Question 2: Which of the following is a key assumption of the Contemporary Integrative
Interpersonal Theory (CIIT) of personality and psychopathology?
a) Personality and psychopathology are determined only by stable traits within an individual.
b) Interpersonal functioning is organized using the dimensions of agency and communion.
c) Personality and psychopathology are independent of interpersonal interactions.
d) Psychopathology is unrelated to the satisfaction of agentic and communal motives.
Question 3: According to Mocrief et al (2022), is there any evidence that depression is
caused by chemical imbalance in the brain?
a) Yes, the concentration of serotonin is lower in the brain of depressed people, but the
activity of the receptor is the same as in healthy individuals.
b) Yes, the activity of the neurotransmitters is lower but the concentration of serotonin
in the brain is the same as in healthy individuals.
c) There is no convincing evidence that depression is associated with, or caused by,
lower serotonin concentrations or activity.
d) The research is highly contradicting, though not showing any publication bias.
Question 4:
According to DSM-5, a person can be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder when they
meet certain criteria. Which of the criteria does not have to be met to be diagnosed with
Major Depressive Disorder?
a) Psychomotor agitation or retardation
b) Diminished ability to concentrate or indecisiveness
1
, c) Worrying about the future
d) Loss of interest or pleasure
Question 5: One of the differences between Beck’s theory and Hopelessness Theory is:
a) According to Beck’s theory, depressive and nondepressive cognition differ in content
(E.g., stable, global vs unstable, specific causal attributions for negative events) but
not process, while Hopelessness theory emphasizes that depressive and
nondepressive cognition differs not only in content but also in process.
b) Beck's theory but not hopelessness theory propose a mediating sequence of
negative inferences that influence whether stressors will lead to depression.
c) According to Hopelessness theory, depressive and nondepressive cognition differ in
content (E.g., stable, global vs unstable, specific causal attributions for negative
events) but not process, while Beck’s theory emphasizes that depressive and
nondepressive cognition differs not only in content but also in process.
d) Beck’s theory emphasized the role of cognition in the origins of depression, while
Hopelessness theory claimed that cognition is important not only for origins but also
for maintenance of depression.
Question 6: Which of the statements in regards to Martin et al (2013) findings on experience
of symptoms of depression in men and women is NOT correct?
a) Top endorsed symptom of depression when using the GIDS scale for men and women
was irritability.
b) Top endorsed symptom of depression when using the GIDS scale for men and women
was depressive mood.
c) When GIDS was used men endorsed significantly higher anger/aggression, substance
abuse, risk taking behaviour and hyperactivity.
d) Women endorsed these symptoms significantly higher: Stress, irritability, sleep
problems, loss of interest in activities.
Question 7: Two statements are based on Kueher et al (2017) “Why depression is more
common among women than men” article. Which statement(s) are correct?
I) Atypical depression, characterised by hypoactivation of the HPA axis represents a distinct
pathophysiological phenotype particularly common in women which contributes to
depression development.
II) Insufficient empirical evidence linking specific genetic variations directly to the gender
gap in depression.
a) Only I correct
2
