Management and information systems notes
Lesson 1 29-1
Only a general explanation about the course
Lesson 2 5-2
Trends in IT:
1) Mobile: It has the following implication:
a. Increased collaboration
b. Manage business in real time
c. New ways to reach customers
d. Different organization of work
e. Different payment methods
2) Social media: Organizations use social media to encourage employee collaboration or to
connect with their customers
3) Internet of Things: Devices have embedded computers and sensors, enabling connectivity
over the Internet
4) Cloud computing: Web technologies enable the Internet as the platform for applications and
data (Such as Gmail)
5) Big data & Business Analytics: The five v’s of Big Data: Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity,
Value
6) E-commerce: Applications:
a. Recommender systems
b. Dynamic pricing: Flexible prices depending on demand
7) Artificial intelligence: Concerned with the following ideas
a. Studying the thought process of humans
b. Representing & Duplicating these processes via machines
8) Blockchain (Crypto-currency): Shared digital database, used by a network of actors, to specify
contrasts or transactions. Fiddling with transactions is not possible: All actors are in a
network and all transactions are stored. Applications:
a. Voting machines
b. Registration of property (Trust machine)
c. Saving accounts
d. Intellectual property
e. Crowdfunding platform
,Business intelligence (BI): Data-driven decision making. Transforming data into meaningful
information/knowledge to support business decision-making. Methods:
1) Descriptive analytics: Use data to understand past & present
2) Predictive analytics: Predict future behaviour based on past performance
3) Prescriptive analytics: Make decisions or recommendations to achieve the best performance
Data (raw symbols) gets transformed into information (Formatted data) and that into knowledge
(Data relationships)
Data: Items that are the most elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions.
Internal vs external and structured (with model) vs unstructured (No model behind it)
Information: Organized data that has meaning and value
Knowledge: Processed data or information that is applicable to a business decision problem (Has the
most meaning and the highest value)
Categorical scale:
• Nominal: Items are differentiated by a naming system (Gender, supplier names)
• Ordinal: Some kind of order by their position on the scale (Good vs bad, order number)
Numerical scale:
• Interval: Provides information about order, and also possess equal intervals (Degrees Celsius,
order date)
• Ratio: Has the qualities of the interval scale, and an absolute zero, a point where none of the
quality being measured exist (Kelvin scale, sales, cost per order, quantity)
, Lesson 3 12-2
Business process: Consist of a set of activities that jointly realize a business goal
Business process management: Includes concepts, methods and techniques to support the design,
administrations, configuration, enactment and analysis of business processes
Workflow / procedure / process: The definition specifies:
• Which steps are required
• And in what order they should be executed
1) Task: Een werkwoord. Mag nooit rechtstreeks met een andere task verbonden worden. Altijd
labelen
2) Condition: Mag nooit rechtsstreeks met een andere conditie verbonden worden. Het begin
en het einde is een condition. Ook wel plaats genoemd. Niet verplicht om te benoemen,
maar wel beter in key-places.
3) Subprocesses: Een task die wel opdeelbaar is, bijvoorbeeld als je het nog niet helemaal weet
of om een hiërarchie te laten zien, waarbij eronder een subprocess zichtbaar is, zodat het
overzichtelijk blijft
The case / token / process instance / job: The thing which needs to be processed by following the
process definition. It has an unique identify (Social security number etc.). It has a limited lifetime and
between its appearance and disappearance, it always has a particular state. Routing of cases:
• Sequential: First task A, then task B
• Parallel: Task A and B are performed at the same time, or in any order. The moment where
the lines begin to be parallel is called AND-split. The moment the come together is called
AND-joint
• Selection: Task A or B is performed. The moment the choice can be made is called OR-split
and the moment they join together is called OR-join (Avoid OR-join as much as possible, you
can also use a condition instead (Informal OR-join)). The choice can also be an explicit choice:
The decision is based on the properties of the token (E.g. money of the customer). An implicit
choice is based on the environment of the token (e.g. employees working)
• Iteration: Task A is repeated n times. The task where the loop starts is called the OR-split: It
can either repeat the activity or continue the process
Lesson 1 29-1
Only a general explanation about the course
Lesson 2 5-2
Trends in IT:
1) Mobile: It has the following implication:
a. Increased collaboration
b. Manage business in real time
c. New ways to reach customers
d. Different organization of work
e. Different payment methods
2) Social media: Organizations use social media to encourage employee collaboration or to
connect with their customers
3) Internet of Things: Devices have embedded computers and sensors, enabling connectivity
over the Internet
4) Cloud computing: Web technologies enable the Internet as the platform for applications and
data (Such as Gmail)
5) Big data & Business Analytics: The five v’s of Big Data: Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity,
Value
6) E-commerce: Applications:
a. Recommender systems
b. Dynamic pricing: Flexible prices depending on demand
7) Artificial intelligence: Concerned with the following ideas
a. Studying the thought process of humans
b. Representing & Duplicating these processes via machines
8) Blockchain (Crypto-currency): Shared digital database, used by a network of actors, to specify
contrasts or transactions. Fiddling with transactions is not possible: All actors are in a
network and all transactions are stored. Applications:
a. Voting machines
b. Registration of property (Trust machine)
c. Saving accounts
d. Intellectual property
e. Crowdfunding platform
,Business intelligence (BI): Data-driven decision making. Transforming data into meaningful
information/knowledge to support business decision-making. Methods:
1) Descriptive analytics: Use data to understand past & present
2) Predictive analytics: Predict future behaviour based on past performance
3) Prescriptive analytics: Make decisions or recommendations to achieve the best performance
Data (raw symbols) gets transformed into information (Formatted data) and that into knowledge
(Data relationships)
Data: Items that are the most elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions.
Internal vs external and structured (with model) vs unstructured (No model behind it)
Information: Organized data that has meaning and value
Knowledge: Processed data or information that is applicable to a business decision problem (Has the
most meaning and the highest value)
Categorical scale:
• Nominal: Items are differentiated by a naming system (Gender, supplier names)
• Ordinal: Some kind of order by their position on the scale (Good vs bad, order number)
Numerical scale:
• Interval: Provides information about order, and also possess equal intervals (Degrees Celsius,
order date)
• Ratio: Has the qualities of the interval scale, and an absolute zero, a point where none of the
quality being measured exist (Kelvin scale, sales, cost per order, quantity)
, Lesson 3 12-2
Business process: Consist of a set of activities that jointly realize a business goal
Business process management: Includes concepts, methods and techniques to support the design,
administrations, configuration, enactment and analysis of business processes
Workflow / procedure / process: The definition specifies:
• Which steps are required
• And in what order they should be executed
1) Task: Een werkwoord. Mag nooit rechtstreeks met een andere task verbonden worden. Altijd
labelen
2) Condition: Mag nooit rechtsstreeks met een andere conditie verbonden worden. Het begin
en het einde is een condition. Ook wel plaats genoemd. Niet verplicht om te benoemen,
maar wel beter in key-places.
3) Subprocesses: Een task die wel opdeelbaar is, bijvoorbeeld als je het nog niet helemaal weet
of om een hiërarchie te laten zien, waarbij eronder een subprocess zichtbaar is, zodat het
overzichtelijk blijft
The case / token / process instance / job: The thing which needs to be processed by following the
process definition. It has an unique identify (Social security number etc.). It has a limited lifetime and
between its appearance and disappearance, it always has a particular state. Routing of cases:
• Sequential: First task A, then task B
• Parallel: Task A and B are performed at the same time, or in any order. The moment where
the lines begin to be parallel is called AND-split. The moment the come together is called
AND-joint
• Selection: Task A or B is performed. The moment the choice can be made is called OR-split
and the moment they join together is called OR-join (Avoid OR-join as much as possible, you
can also use a condition instead (Informal OR-join)). The choice can also be an explicit choice:
The decision is based on the properties of the token (E.g. money of the customer). An implicit
choice is based on the environment of the token (e.g. employees working)
• Iteration: Task A is repeated n times. The task where the loop starts is called the OR-split: It
can either repeat the activity or continue the process
