N138 Exam 3 - Hematology & Oncology Questions With
Complete Solutions
occurance of pediatric cancer
RARE
common dx tests for cancer
- bone marrow biopsy -> looks for blood cell issues
- bone scinitigraphy -> looks for areas of rapid cell growth
- gallium scan -> uses gallium to look for cancer in the body
- PET scan -> looks for differences in tissue metabolism (tumor
cells have faster metabolism)
- SPECT scan -> looks at organs from different angles
bone marrow biopsy (BMB)
looks for blood cell issues
- requires sedation
leukemia
,cancer of blood-forming cells that are produced in the bone
marrow -> too many immature WBCs
- peak onset: 2-5 y/o
- ALL or AML
*no tumor is present, but same neoplastic properties as in solid
cancers*
leukemia - s/sx
early: pancytopenia -> anemia, recurring infections, bleeding
(bruising, nose bleeds, petechiae)
- PLUS hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, & lymphadenopathy
leukemia dx - first steps
- s/sx management
- BMB & LP
- central line placement
- chemo -> intrathecal (spinal) via central line to prevent CNS
involvement
- EDUCATION & family support!
lumbar puncture (LP)
to evaluate for leukemic presence in CNS
- 3-4 vials of CSF needed
,LP - considerations
- position: side-lying w/ head flexed & knees drawn up
- possibly sedated
- monitor site for bleeding, hematoma, & infection
- wear FULL PPE in case infection is present
*AFTER, child should remain in bed for 4-8hrs flat to
prevent spinal H/A*
leukemia - prognosis
depends on...
- initial WBC count
- age at time of dx
- type of cell involved
- gender
- karyotype analysis
, *if relapse occurs after stem cell transplant -> POOR prognosis*
lymphomas
neoplastic disease originating in the lymphoid system
- hodgkin & non-hodgkin -> difference based on cell analysis
*higher risk for breast cancer d/t chest radiation*
hodgkin's v. non-hodgkin lymphoma
difference based on cell analysis
- hodgkin: usually 15-19 y/o
- non-hodgkin: usually <14 y/o
lymphoma - s/sx
painless enlarged lymph nodes
lymphoma - tx
chemo (and possibly radiation)
wilms tumor
encapsulated, unilateral tumor affecting the kidneys
- onset: 3-5 y/o
Complete Solutions
occurance of pediatric cancer
RARE
common dx tests for cancer
- bone marrow biopsy -> looks for blood cell issues
- bone scinitigraphy -> looks for areas of rapid cell growth
- gallium scan -> uses gallium to look for cancer in the body
- PET scan -> looks for differences in tissue metabolism (tumor
cells have faster metabolism)
- SPECT scan -> looks at organs from different angles
bone marrow biopsy (BMB)
looks for blood cell issues
- requires sedation
leukemia
,cancer of blood-forming cells that are produced in the bone
marrow -> too many immature WBCs
- peak onset: 2-5 y/o
- ALL or AML
*no tumor is present, but same neoplastic properties as in solid
cancers*
leukemia - s/sx
early: pancytopenia -> anemia, recurring infections, bleeding
(bruising, nose bleeds, petechiae)
- PLUS hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, & lymphadenopathy
leukemia dx - first steps
- s/sx management
- BMB & LP
- central line placement
- chemo -> intrathecal (spinal) via central line to prevent CNS
involvement
- EDUCATION & family support!
lumbar puncture (LP)
to evaluate for leukemic presence in CNS
- 3-4 vials of CSF needed
,LP - considerations
- position: side-lying w/ head flexed & knees drawn up
- possibly sedated
- monitor site for bleeding, hematoma, & infection
- wear FULL PPE in case infection is present
*AFTER, child should remain in bed for 4-8hrs flat to
prevent spinal H/A*
leukemia - prognosis
depends on...
- initial WBC count
- age at time of dx
- type of cell involved
- gender
- karyotype analysis
, *if relapse occurs after stem cell transplant -> POOR prognosis*
lymphomas
neoplastic disease originating in the lymphoid system
- hodgkin & non-hodgkin -> difference based on cell analysis
*higher risk for breast cancer d/t chest radiation*
hodgkin's v. non-hodgkin lymphoma
difference based on cell analysis
- hodgkin: usually 15-19 y/o
- non-hodgkin: usually <14 y/o
lymphoma - s/sx
painless enlarged lymph nodes
lymphoma - tx
chemo (and possibly radiation)
wilms tumor
encapsulated, unilateral tumor affecting the kidneys
- onset: 3-5 y/o
