NBDHE Review Exam Questions with correct Answers

NBDHE Review Exam Questions with correct Answers What does the C-A-R-E Principle stand for? - Answers-C- comfort A- acceptance R- responsiveness E- empathy .What is a written defamation? - Answers-libel .What is a verbal defamation? - Answers-slander .Describe direct (general) supervision: - Answers-Dental hygiene treatment can take place without a dentist physically present, as long as treatment has been reviewed by the dentist. -physical presence is NOT required .Describe indirect supervision: - Answers-Requires the physical presence of a dentist onsite while providing treatment .What is tensile strength? - Answers-stress required to break a material when pulled apart .Describe pit and fissure sealants: - Answers--uses mechanical bonding -sealant material is retained in pits and fissures with the acid (35-38% phosphoric acid) .What is syneresis? - Answers-separating out of a liquid "shrinkage" .What is imbibition? - Answers-water is absorbed by solids .According to G.V. Black's classification system, what is a class I? - Answers-Fillings in occlusal pits and fissures .According to G.V. Black's classification system, what is a class II? - Answers-Fillings in interproximal spaces of posterior teeth .According to G.V. Black's classification system, what is a class III? - Answers-Fillings in interproximal spaces of anterior teeth .According to G.V. Black's classification system, what is a class IV? - Answers-Fillings covering interproximal spaces and incisal edges of anterior teeth .According to G.V. Black's classification system, what is a class V? - Answers-Fillings on the cervical third of the tooth .According to G.V. Black's classification system, what is a class VI? - Answers-Fillings on the cusps of posterior teeth .What are the 3 main components when taking an x-ray? - Answers-1. control panel 2. extension arm 3. tube head .What does the mA selector do? - Answers--measures the amount of current passing through the wire of the circuit -determines the amount of x-rays produced Key Word: AMOUNT .What does the kVp selector do? - Answers--determines the speed of electrons traveling from cathode to anode -determines the penetrating ability of the x-rays produced .Describe amperage: - Answers-measurement of the number of electrons moving through a wire conductor. "amount" .What is the normal range of mA and what is the normal range of kVp? - Answers-mA: 7-15 kVp: 65-100 .What does kVp control on x-ray films? - Answers-controls contrast .What percent of energy is converted into x-rays? - Answers-1% converted to x-rays 99% heat is lost .Describe wavelength: - Answers-distance between two similar points on two successive waves long wavelength: low frequency short wavelength: high frequency .Describe frequency: - Answers-the number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time .Describe velocity: - Answers-speed of the wave .What is the compton effect? - Answers--causes x-rays to scatter in all directions -the remainder energy is transferred to a weaker x-ray (secondary radiation) .What is coherent scattering? - Answers-the x-ray scatter is unchanged -similar to stone skipping .How many impulses does an x-ray unity produce per second? - Answers-60 impulses/second .What does SLOB stand for? - Answers-same lingual, opposite buccal .What is the occupational exposure limit in one year? - Answers-50 mSv (5 rem) .What is the occupational lifetime exposure limit? - Answers-10 mSv times the persons age EX: 10 mSv X 20= 200 mSv .What is the pregnant dental personnel occupational exposure limit per month? - Answers-.5 mSv .What is the general public exposure limit? - Answers-5 mSv (.5 rem) .What body parts have a high radiosensitivity? - Answers-lymphoid organs bone marrow testes and ovaries small intestines fetal cells .What body parts have a low radiosensitivity? - Answers-muscles brain spinal cord nervous tissue .What is the collimator in the x-ray machine? - Answers-reduces the size of the x-ray beam and reduces patient radiation exposure by up to 70% -rectangular is the single most effective method of reducing radiation .What is the filter in the x-ray machine? - Answers-reduces patient radiation dose -key word "dose" .What is the PID on the x-ray machine? - Answers-rectangular shaped PID can reduce are of tissue exposed -length reduces dose of radiation -there's an 8, 12, and 16 inch -the longer the PID, the less radiation to the patient .What is the lead apron? - Answers-must contain .25 mm of lead, protects patient organs .Describe fast film: - Answers-the faster the film, the less radiation needed to expose it -second most effect method of reduction radiation to the patient .What distance should you be away from the x-ray beam? - Answers-6 feet at 90-135 degrees from the head of the patient .What is the focal trough? - Answers-the area between the x-ray source and the film where structures will be imaged clearly on the radiograph .What is a penumbra: - Answers-area of unsharpness .What is the earliest clinical sign of radiation exposure? - Answers-Erythema .What was the MOST obvious result of vasodilation of the peripheral circulation? - Answers-edema .What is fibrosis? - Answers-the hallmark sign of chronic inflammation .What are the functions of the periodontal ligament? - Answers--shock absorber for nerves/vessels -supplies structure to periodontal structures .What is the MOST prominent cell in the PDL? - Answers-fibroblasts .What are collagenous (sharpey's) fibers? - Answers-attach cementum and bone consists of: -transpetal -alveolar crest -oblique -horizontal -apical -interradicular .What are transpetal fibers? - Answers-extend interproximally; adjusted in ortho .What are alveolar crest fibers? - Answers-extends obliquely from cementum to alveolar bone .What are oblique fibers? - Answers-LARGEST and most significant group -extends from cementum coronally to bone .What are horizontal fibers? - Answers-extend at right angles to the long axis of the tooth .What are some characteristics of cementum? - Answers--thickest at the apex of the root -thinnest at the CEJ -main function is to provide attachment to collagen fibers present in the PDL -similar to bone but has no blood or nerve supply