STUDYGUIDE B
DavisAdvantageforUnderstanding
B B B
Medical-SurgicalNursing7thEdition
B B B B
ByHopper,Williams,AllChapter's1-57
B B B B B B B
1
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
B B B B B B B B B B
Answers
CHAPTER 1 CRITICAL B B
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem, a nd
B B B B B B B B B
determine the best possible plan of action. Clinical ju
THINKING,
B B B B B B B B B
B
dgment is based on good critical thinking.
B B B B B B B
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE B B
Cue
O
NURSING PROCESSB B
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data arecues B B B B B B B B B
(relevant), but all cues are data.
B B B B B B
AUDIO CASE STUDY B B
Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
B B B
Definition: Working together with the health team to improve B B B B B B B B
patient outcomes.
B B
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses; generate sol B B B B B B B
utions; take action; evaluate outcomes; repeat.
B B B B B B
Intervention
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
B B B B B B B B B B
Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan. B B B B B B B
manydirections.She wasalsocryinginhercarand had poor
B B B B B B B B B B B B
study habits and not enough sleep.
B B B B B B
Evaluation
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time from B B B B B B B B
Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected with a B B B B B B B
work, and wasted time between classes that she could b
B B B B B B B B B B
ctual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected o
B B B B B B B B B
etter utilize. Your resources will be different, but theye
B B B B B B B B B B
utcomes met?
B B
xist!B
Vigilance
4. Critical thinking— B
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful. B B B B B B B B
the why: Jane uses critical thinking to determine why her
B B B B B B B B B
current plan isn’t working. She thinks honestly about h er
B B B B B B B B B B
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT B B B B
poor study habits, her time-
B B B B B
management problems, and the impact this is having on her B B B B B B B B B
Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similar fo
B B B B B B B B B
and her family.
B B B
rmat. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin-
B B B B B B B B B
Clinical judgment— B
ing problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions,
B B B B B B B
the do: Jane uses her thinking todevelop and carry out a plan
B B B B B B B B B B B B
and evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps yo u
B B B B B B B B B
that uses her resources and provides more productive study
B B B B B B B B B
think about the problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing?
B B B B B B B B B B B B
time and more quality time with her kids.
B B B B B B B B
And clinical judgment leads you to dosomething to ma nage
B B B B B B B B B B B
Bthe problem. B
VOCABULARY
CUE RECOGNITION B
Sample sentences willvaryOfortheVocabulary problems.
B B B B B B
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRSTthing is l isted
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Nursing process B
below.
B
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with B B B B B B B
nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data collection,
B B B B B B
1. Sit the patient upright. B B B
nursingdiagnosis,planning,implementation,andevaluatio n.
B B B B B B B
2. Call 911 while running across the street.B B B B B B
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under the B B B B B B B B B B B
Critical thinking B
calves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or B B B B B B B B
pillow. B
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outc
B B B B B B B B B
4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready. B B B B B B B B
ome. Also involves reflection, problem-
B B B B B
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
B B B B B B B B
solving, and related thinking skills. B B B B
Clinical judgment B
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and dec B B B B B B B B
ision making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
B B B B B B B B
,2 Chapter 1 B Answers
CRITICAL THINKING B
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
B B B B B B B B B B
Could it be low B B B B B
B
B B
B
Patient's
B
B
Headache
B Motheri B
1– B B B
s
B B
B
B B
2 hours B
REVIEW QUESTIONS B
taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
B B B B B B B B B B
nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing pr
TheOcorrect answers are in boldface.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
B B B B
ocess, for which the registered nurse is responsible; the
B B B B B B B B B
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the
B B B B B B B B B
LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse with these. Ni
B B B B B B B B B
patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answ er.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
troglycerin should not be administered withoutfirst knowing
B B B B B B B B B
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowin g
B B B B B B B B B B B
Bthe patient’s blood pressure.
B B B
something is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1) shows
B B B B B B B
7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about freedom
B B B B B B B B
expertise but not necessarily intellectual humility;
B B B B B B
from injury and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such as air,
B B B B B B B B B B B B
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; B B B B B
oxygen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4) i srelated
B B B B B B B B B B B B
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of B B B B B B B B
to having positive self-esteem.
B B B B
humility.
B
8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
B B B B B B B B B B
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order.
B B B B B B B B
9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
B B B B B B B B B
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define critic al
B B B B B B B B B B B B
10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2, 4
B B B B B B B B B B
thinking but are examples of good thinking.
B B B B B B B
)are all positive but do not show intent to take action.
B B B B B B B B B B B
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are ac
B B B B B B B B
11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2) are
B B B B B B B B B B
hieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of theph
B B B B B B B B B B B
data; (3) is a recommendation.
B B B B B
ysician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple-
B B B B B B B B 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data provide s
B B B B B B B B B B B
mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process.
B B B B B B B B B
only hip replacement as the patient’s problem, (5) th e
B B B B B B B B B B
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca-
B B B B B B B
dietitian is not necessary.
B B B B
tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
B B B B B B B B
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 B
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
B
1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY B B
3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice
B B B
5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke thatl B B B B B B B B B
6. outcomes
inger on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces ina n
B B B B B B B B B B B 7. gold
area after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that e
B B B B B B B B B B B
8. nursing
xposure to these toxins can be neurotoxic to children a nd
B B B B B B B B B B B
9. patient’s
can trigger asthma attacks in sensitive people.
B B B B B B B
10. information
2. Evidence-
based practice is considered the gold standardof health care.
B B B B B B B B B B
CLINICAL JUDGMENT B
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and
B B B B B B B B B
collect the most relevant and best evidence available.S
B B B B B B B B B
1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to en
B B B B B B B B B
tep 3: Think critically. Appraise the evidence for validi
B B B B B B B B B
sure that the patient receives the best care possible
B B B B B B B B B
ty, relevance to the situation, and applicability.
B B B B B B B
2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance of
B B B B B B B B B
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after institutingt he
B B B B B B B B B B
the medical librarian, in the area of their burning ques-
B B B B B B B B B B
change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the
B B B B B B B B B B
tion regarding music reducing preoperative anxiety.
B B B B B B
practice decision or change.
B B B B
3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature B B B B B B B B
4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine lo B B B B B B B B
(CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Instituteevidence-
B B B B B B
zenges worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or vareni
B B B B B B B B
based resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/PubMed
B B B B B B
cline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked well,too. A
B B B B B B B B B
4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence B B B B B B
Cochrane Review found that advice and support from nurs
B B B B B B B B B
-
ing staff can increase patients’ success in quit-
B B B B B B B B
based change in practice so comparisons can be made aft er
B B B B B B B B B B
ting smoking, especially in a hospital setting.
B B B B B B
implementation to determine if the inter-
B B B B B B
vention worked B
VOCABULARY 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the change B B B B B B B
made a significant difference and if it was valuable int
B B B B B B B B B B B
SampleOsentences will varyOfor the Vocabulary problems.
erms of cost and time
B B B B B
B B B B B
1. Evidence-
based practice: A systematic process that uses current evid
B B B B B B B B
REVIEW QUESTIONS B
ence in making decisions about patient care.
B B B B B B B
Thecorrect answers areinboldface.
B B B B B
2. Evidence-
informed practice: Considerationofpatient factors along w ith B B B B B B B B
1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some-
B B B B B B B B
the use of evidence for shared decision making between the
B B B B B B B B B B
thing is done promotes the understanding for why it is
B B B B B B B B B B
Bhealth-care provider and the patient. B B B B
important to be done and therefore will more likely b e
B B B B B B B B B B B
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studies in B B B B B B
done. (1, 2, 4) only communicate the need to perfor m a
B B B B B B B B B B B B
which as many factors as possible that could falsely chan ge
B B B B B B B B B B B
task. They do not provide rationale for the task to pro-
B B B B B B B B B B B
Bthe results are controlled.
B B B
mote understanding of the importance of the task.
B B B B B B B B
4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta- B B B B B
2. (3) is correct. Evidence-
B B B
tion to establish facts and analyze their significance.
B B B B B B B B
based nursing care that has been evaluated as appropriate f or
B B B B B B B B B B
5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research using g B B B B B B B B
an agency provides the best and safest patient care. (1)
B B B B B B B B B B
uidelines.
B
Opinions may not be based on
B B B B B B
DavisAdvantageforUnderstanding
B B B
Medical-SurgicalNursing7thEdition
B B B B
ByHopper,Williams,AllChapter's1-57
B B B B B B B
1
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
B B B B B B B B B B
Answers
CHAPTER 1 CRITICAL B B
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem, a nd
B B B B B B B B B
determine the best possible plan of action. Clinical ju
THINKING,
B B B B B B B B B
B
dgment is based on good critical thinking.
B B B B B B B
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE B B
Cue
O
NURSING PROCESSB B
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data arecues B B B B B B B B B
(relevant), but all cues are data.
B B B B B B
AUDIO CASE STUDY B B
Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
B B B
Definition: Working together with the health team to improve B B B B B B B B
patient outcomes.
B B
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses; generate sol B B B B B B B
utions; take action; evaluate outcomes; repeat.
B B B B B B
Intervention
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
B B B B B B B B B B
Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan. B B B B B B B
manydirections.She wasalsocryinginhercarand had poor
B B B B B B B B B B B B
study habits and not enough sleep.
B B B B B B
Evaluation
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time from B B B B B B B B
Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected with a B B B B B B B
work, and wasted time between classes that she could b
B B B B B B B B B B
ctual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected o
B B B B B B B B B
etter utilize. Your resources will be different, but theye
B B B B B B B B B B
utcomes met?
B B
xist!B
Vigilance
4. Critical thinking— B
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful. B B B B B B B B
the why: Jane uses critical thinking to determine why her
B B B B B B B B B
current plan isn’t working. She thinks honestly about h er
B B B B B B B B B B
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT B B B B
poor study habits, her time-
B B B B B
management problems, and the impact this is having on her B B B B B B B B B
Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similar fo
B B B B B B B B B
and her family.
B B B
rmat. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin-
B B B B B B B B B
Clinical judgment— B
ing problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions,
B B B B B B B
the do: Jane uses her thinking todevelop and carry out a plan
B B B B B B B B B B B B
and evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps yo u
B B B B B B B B B
that uses her resources and provides more productive study
B B B B B B B B B
think about the problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing?
B B B B B B B B B B B B
time and more quality time with her kids.
B B B B B B B B
And clinical judgment leads you to dosomething to ma nage
B B B B B B B B B B B
Bthe problem. B
VOCABULARY
CUE RECOGNITION B
Sample sentences willvaryOfortheVocabulary problems.
B B B B B B
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRSTthing is l isted
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Nursing process B
below.
B
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with B B B B B B B
nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data collection,
B B B B B B
1. Sit the patient upright. B B B
nursingdiagnosis,planning,implementation,andevaluatio n.
B B B B B B B
2. Call 911 while running across the street.B B B B B B
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under the B B B B B B B B B B B
Critical thinking B
calves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or B B B B B B B B
pillow. B
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outc
B B B B B B B B B
4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready. B B B B B B B B
ome. Also involves reflection, problem-
B B B B B
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
B B B B B B B B
solving, and related thinking skills. B B B B
Clinical judgment B
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and dec B B B B B B B B
ision making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
B B B B B B B B
,2 Chapter 1 B Answers
CRITICAL THINKING B
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
B B B B B B B B B B
Could it be low B B B B B
B
B B
B
Patient's
B
B
Headache
B Motheri B
1– B B B
s
B B
B
B B
2 hours B
REVIEW QUESTIONS B
taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
B B B B B B B B B B
nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing pr
TheOcorrect answers are in boldface.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
B B B B
ocess, for which the registered nurse is responsible; the
B B B B B B B B B
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the
B B B B B B B B B
LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse with these. Ni
B B B B B B B B B
patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answ er.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
troglycerin should not be administered withoutfirst knowing
B B B B B B B B B
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowin g
B B B B B B B B B B B
Bthe patient’s blood pressure.
B B B
something is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1) shows
B B B B B B B
7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about freedom
B B B B B B B B
expertise but not necessarily intellectual humility;
B B B B B B
from injury and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such as air,
B B B B B B B B B B B B
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; B B B B B
oxygen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4) i srelated
B B B B B B B B B B B B
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of B B B B B B B B
to having positive self-esteem.
B B B B
humility.
B
8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
B B B B B B B B B B
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order.
B B B B B B B B
9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
B B B B B B B B B
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define critic al
B B B B B B B B B B B B
10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2, 4
B B B B B B B B B B
thinking but are examples of good thinking.
B B B B B B B
)are all positive but do not show intent to take action.
B B B B B B B B B B B
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are ac
B B B B B B B B
11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2) are
B B B B B B B B B B
hieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of theph
B B B B B B B B B B B
data; (3) is a recommendation.
B B B B B
ysician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple-
B B B B B B B B 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data provide s
B B B B B B B B B B B
mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process.
B B B B B B B B B
only hip replacement as the patient’s problem, (5) th e
B B B B B B B B B B
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca-
B B B B B B B
dietitian is not necessary.
B B B B
tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
B B B B B B B B
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 B
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
B
1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY B B
3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice
B B B
5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke thatl B B B B B B B B B
6. outcomes
inger on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces ina n
B B B B B B B B B B B 7. gold
area after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that e
B B B B B B B B B B B
8. nursing
xposure to these toxins can be neurotoxic to children a nd
B B B B B B B B B B B
9. patient’s
can trigger asthma attacks in sensitive people.
B B B B B B B
10. information
2. Evidence-
based practice is considered the gold standardof health care.
B B B B B B B B B B
CLINICAL JUDGMENT B
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and
B B B B B B B B B
collect the most relevant and best evidence available.S
B B B B B B B B B
1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to en
B B B B B B B B B
tep 3: Think critically. Appraise the evidence for validi
B B B B B B B B B
sure that the patient receives the best care possible
B B B B B B B B B
ty, relevance to the situation, and applicability.
B B B B B B B
2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance of
B B B B B B B B B
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after institutingt he
B B B B B B B B B B
the medical librarian, in the area of their burning ques-
B B B B B B B B B B
change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the
B B B B B B B B B B
tion regarding music reducing preoperative anxiety.
B B B B B B
practice decision or change.
B B B B
3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature B B B B B B B B
4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine lo B B B B B B B B
(CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Instituteevidence-
B B B B B B
zenges worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or vareni
B B B B B B B B
based resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/PubMed
B B B B B B
cline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked well,too. A
B B B B B B B B B
4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence B B B B B B
Cochrane Review found that advice and support from nurs
B B B B B B B B B
-
ing staff can increase patients’ success in quit-
B B B B B B B B
based change in practice so comparisons can be made aft er
B B B B B B B B B B
ting smoking, especially in a hospital setting.
B B B B B B
implementation to determine if the inter-
B B B B B B
vention worked B
VOCABULARY 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the change B B B B B B B
made a significant difference and if it was valuable int
B B B B B B B B B B B
SampleOsentences will varyOfor the Vocabulary problems.
erms of cost and time
B B B B B
B B B B B
1. Evidence-
based practice: A systematic process that uses current evid
B B B B B B B B
REVIEW QUESTIONS B
ence in making decisions about patient care.
B B B B B B B
Thecorrect answers areinboldface.
B B B B B
2. Evidence-
informed practice: Considerationofpatient factors along w ith B B B B B B B B
1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some-
B B B B B B B B
the use of evidence for shared decision making between the
B B B B B B B B B B
thing is done promotes the understanding for why it is
B B B B B B B B B B
Bhealth-care provider and the patient. B B B B
important to be done and therefore will more likely b e
B B B B B B B B B B B
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studies in B B B B B B
done. (1, 2, 4) only communicate the need to perfor m a
B B B B B B B B B B B B
which as many factors as possible that could falsely chan ge
B B B B B B B B B B B
task. They do not provide rationale for the task to pro-
B B B B B B B B B B B
Bthe results are controlled.
B B B
mote understanding of the importance of the task.
B B B B B B B B
4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta- B B B B B
2. (3) is correct. Evidence-
B B B
tion to establish facts and analyze their significance.
B B B B B B B B
based nursing care that has been evaluated as appropriate f or
B B B B B B B B B B
5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research using g B B B B B B B B
an agency provides the best and safest patient care. (1)
B B B B B B B B B B
uidelines.
B
Opinions may not be based on
B B B B B B
