Test Bank for Pilbeams Mechanical Ventilation 7th Edition by Cairo Complete Solution

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Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical VentilationT
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est Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE n




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungsis
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known as which of the following? n n n n n


a. External respiration n


b. Internal respiration n


c. Spontaneous ventilation n


d. Mechanical ventilation n




ANS: C n


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilatio
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n. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be
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spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the exchang n n n n n n


e of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)between the alveoli and
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nthe pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellula
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r level and involves movement ofoxygen from the systemic blood in
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to the cells.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body cells n n n n n


b. Scalenes and trapezius n n

muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary n n

capillaries
d. External oblique and n n

transverse abdominal muscles n n




ANS: C n


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbondi
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oxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Inte
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rnal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement
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of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration
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. External oblique and transverse abdominal musclesare accessory
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muscles of expiration. n n

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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes duringn
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ormal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of thefoll
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owing?
a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B n


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure dropsfr
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om about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -
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10 cm H2O atend-
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inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change
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from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 n n




4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
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n .
a. - 1 cm H2O n n n


b. + 1 cm H2O n n n


c. 0 cm H2O n n


d. 5 cm H2O n n




ANS: A n


-
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during norm
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al spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal spon
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taneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known asw
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hich of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) n n n


b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) n n


c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) n n

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d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) n n




ANS: D n


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure requir
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ed to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA )is the pr
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essure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducting tubes.
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Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate the lungs a n n n n n n n n n n


nd airways during positive pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressu
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re (PTT) represents the pressure required to expand or contract the l
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ungs and the chest wall at thesame time.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance dur
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ing positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressur
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e (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cmH2O.
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a. 7 cm H2O n n


b. 30 cm H2O n n


c. 40 cm H2O n n


d. 175 cm H2O n n




ANS: B n

The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressurerequ
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ired to overcome airway resistance during mechanical ventilation. T
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his formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
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DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 n n




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return toits
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noriginal form after being stretched or acted on by an outside force
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is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance n


d. Distending pressure n