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PHMY 610 Exam 2 Material Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Guaranteed Pass.
Tobacco mosaic virus - Answer✔the first virus to be discovered (1892)
They used a special filter to filter out everything except the virus.
1898 - Answer✔the year Beijerinck first called the tobacco mosaic virus a "virus"
virus - Answer✔Latin for poison
false - Answer✔true or false?
viruses are metabolically active outside a host cell.
metabolically inert - Answer✔not able to replicate outside of a human cell
parasite - Answer✔A virus is a _______ because it can't replicate outside of a host cell.
inert - Answer✔viruses are metabolically ______ outside the host cell.
capsid - Answer✔Outer protein coat of a virus
(bacteria have biofilm, viruses have this)
enveloped virus - Answer✔a virus that has a membrane composed mostly of host material
surrounding the capsid is called a...
true - Answer✔True or False:
Viruses can have DNA or RNA.
shape - Answer✔Viruses were originally classified by ______.
body system - Answer✔Today, viruses are classified by which ______ ________ they infect.
naked - Answer✔viruses that don't have a capsid or envelope
spikes - Answer✔attachment proteins on enveloped viruses.
These allow the viruses to hook onto human cells.
1|Page
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These can trigger the immune system.
segmented - Answer✔______ viruses have more than one RNA molecule.
nonsegmented - Answer✔Will DNA viruses be segmented or nonsegmented?
RNA - Answer✔All segmented viruses must be ___ viruses.
isometric - Answer✔Viral shape that looks like a circle
helical - Answer✔Viral shape that looks a little more like a rod
pleomorphic - Answer✔Viral shape that's pretzel shaped
small - Answer✔viruses are so easy to spread because they're so ______.
ebola - Answer✔One of the biggest viruses
attachment - Answer✔Step 1 of host cell infection:
Virus uses spike proteins to grab onto host cell.
true - Answer✔True or false:
A virus will both integrate into and degrade host DNA.
lysogeny - Answer✔parasitic phase of viral replication; the virus fully integrates its genetic
material into the host genetic material, so it can undergo replication.
Followed by assembly and release phase.
budding - Answer✔Another name for viral release phase; new virions are released.
virion - Answer✔Product of infection: a fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection
in a host cell
lytic phase - Answer✔the phase where the virus multiplies rapidly and causes the host cell to
burst. Kills the host cell within 1 generation.
lysogenic phase - Answer✔the phase where the virus does not kill the host cell, but integrates
into DNA (prophage/*provirus*) or remains independent.
the virus still multiplies, but the host cell gets to live.
lytic - Answer✔A virus can use the host cell for several lysogenic phases until bursting it in one
final ______ phase.
bacteriophage - Answer✔the type of virus that infects bacteria
lytic - Answer✔bacteriophages kill bacteria through the ____ phase.
antibiotics - Answer✔bacteriophages are being researched as alternatives to __________.
2|Page
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true - Answer✔True or False:
During the lysogenic phase, when bacteriophage viruses are inserting their genetic material into
the bacteria's genes, it could inadvertently create resistance mechanisms and strengthen the
bacteria.
lytic - Answer✔In order to kill the bacteria, phages should mostly use the _____ phase.
14 - Answer✔There are __ RNA virus families
7 - Answer✔There are _ DNA virus families.
cultivated - Answer✔viruses can be _________ in living animals, embryonated chicken eggs, or
cell/tissue culture (in vitro).
plaque-forming units (PFU) - Answer✔each plaque corresponds to a single virus; what you
count in a plaque assay
electron microscope - Answer✔you can count viruses using an _______ ________ and you can
get a density with that
ID50 - Answer✔infective dose for 50% of the population; how much virus would you need to
infect someone?
LD50 - Answer✔lethal dose for 50% of the population; how much virus would you need to kill
someone?
hemagglutination - Answer✔a way of detecting viruses (like Adenovirus) because they
agglutinate to RBCs when added to culture
PCR - Answer✔most commonly used clinical method of quantifying the amount of virus in the
body.
acute - Answer✔infection of short duration; symptoms are caused by tissue damage (lytic)
naked - Answer✔_______ viruses cause more lysis than enveloped viruses.
These are more likely to cause acute infections.
days to weeks - Answer✔how long does it usually take to recover from an acute infection?
IgM - Answer✔the antibody that means ACTIVE infection (early, acute)
IgG - Answer✔the antibody that means you've had the infection before and you're protected
now.
persistent - Answer✔viruses that are present in the body long-term
late complications of acute infections - Answer✔Subcategory of persistent infections.
Examples of this include subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) years after measles
infection, or progressive panencephalitis years after rubella infection.
3|Page
PHMY 610 Exam 2 Material Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Guaranteed Pass.
Tobacco mosaic virus - Answer✔the first virus to be discovered (1892)
They used a special filter to filter out everything except the virus.
1898 - Answer✔the year Beijerinck first called the tobacco mosaic virus a "virus"
virus - Answer✔Latin for poison
false - Answer✔true or false?
viruses are metabolically active outside a host cell.
metabolically inert - Answer✔not able to replicate outside of a human cell
parasite - Answer✔A virus is a _______ because it can't replicate outside of a host cell.
inert - Answer✔viruses are metabolically ______ outside the host cell.
capsid - Answer✔Outer protein coat of a virus
(bacteria have biofilm, viruses have this)
enveloped virus - Answer✔a virus that has a membrane composed mostly of host material
surrounding the capsid is called a...
true - Answer✔True or False:
Viruses can have DNA or RNA.
shape - Answer✔Viruses were originally classified by ______.
body system - Answer✔Today, viruses are classified by which ______ ________ they infect.
naked - Answer✔viruses that don't have a capsid or envelope
spikes - Answer✔attachment proteins on enveloped viruses.
These allow the viruses to hook onto human cells.
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
These can trigger the immune system.
segmented - Answer✔______ viruses have more than one RNA molecule.
nonsegmented - Answer✔Will DNA viruses be segmented or nonsegmented?
RNA - Answer✔All segmented viruses must be ___ viruses.
isometric - Answer✔Viral shape that looks like a circle
helical - Answer✔Viral shape that looks a little more like a rod
pleomorphic - Answer✔Viral shape that's pretzel shaped
small - Answer✔viruses are so easy to spread because they're so ______.
ebola - Answer✔One of the biggest viruses
attachment - Answer✔Step 1 of host cell infection:
Virus uses spike proteins to grab onto host cell.
true - Answer✔True or false:
A virus will both integrate into and degrade host DNA.
lysogeny - Answer✔parasitic phase of viral replication; the virus fully integrates its genetic
material into the host genetic material, so it can undergo replication.
Followed by assembly and release phase.
budding - Answer✔Another name for viral release phase; new virions are released.
virion - Answer✔Product of infection: a fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection
in a host cell
lytic phase - Answer✔the phase where the virus multiplies rapidly and causes the host cell to
burst. Kills the host cell within 1 generation.
lysogenic phase - Answer✔the phase where the virus does not kill the host cell, but integrates
into DNA (prophage/*provirus*) or remains independent.
the virus still multiplies, but the host cell gets to live.
lytic - Answer✔A virus can use the host cell for several lysogenic phases until bursting it in one
final ______ phase.
bacteriophage - Answer✔the type of virus that infects bacteria
lytic - Answer✔bacteriophages kill bacteria through the ____ phase.
antibiotics - Answer✔bacteriophages are being researched as alternatives to __________.
2|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
true - Answer✔True or False:
During the lysogenic phase, when bacteriophage viruses are inserting their genetic material into
the bacteria's genes, it could inadvertently create resistance mechanisms and strengthen the
bacteria.
lytic - Answer✔In order to kill the bacteria, phages should mostly use the _____ phase.
14 - Answer✔There are __ RNA virus families
7 - Answer✔There are _ DNA virus families.
cultivated - Answer✔viruses can be _________ in living animals, embryonated chicken eggs, or
cell/tissue culture (in vitro).
plaque-forming units (PFU) - Answer✔each plaque corresponds to a single virus; what you
count in a plaque assay
electron microscope - Answer✔you can count viruses using an _______ ________ and you can
get a density with that
ID50 - Answer✔infective dose for 50% of the population; how much virus would you need to
infect someone?
LD50 - Answer✔lethal dose for 50% of the population; how much virus would you need to kill
someone?
hemagglutination - Answer✔a way of detecting viruses (like Adenovirus) because they
agglutinate to RBCs when added to culture
PCR - Answer✔most commonly used clinical method of quantifying the amount of virus in the
body.
acute - Answer✔infection of short duration; symptoms are caused by tissue damage (lytic)
naked - Answer✔_______ viruses cause more lysis than enveloped viruses.
These are more likely to cause acute infections.
days to weeks - Answer✔how long does it usually take to recover from an acute infection?
IgM - Answer✔the antibody that means ACTIVE infection (early, acute)
IgG - Answer✔the antibody that means you've had the infection before and you're protected
now.
persistent - Answer✔viruses that are present in the body long-term
late complications of acute infections - Answer✔Subcategory of persistent infections.
Examples of this include subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) years after measles
infection, or progressive panencephalitis years after rubella infection.
3|Page
