BCAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 100% CORRECT

BCAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 100% CORRECT Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior - ANSWER -Extreme distress at small changes, difficulties with transitions, rigid thinking patterns, greeting rituals, need to take same route or eat same food everyday Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus - ANSWER -Strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects, excessively circumscribed or perseverative interest Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment - ANSWER -Apparent indifference to pain/ temperature, adverse response to specific sounds or textures, excessive smelling or touching of objects, visual fascination with lights or movement. Hyper: Covering ears, refusal to touch shaving cream, perfumes, refusal to eat certain foods, etc Hypo: having unusual pain tolerance Levels of Severity across Social Communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. - ANSWER -Level 1 Requiring support Level 2 Requiring substantial support Level 3 Requiring very substantial support Research Regarding Treatment Intensity - ANSWER -Comprehensive undertaking that involves the child's entire family and a team of professionals. One-on-one treatment 30-40 hours per week Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention Research - ANSWER -ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) Early intensive intervention helps all ages, but those who start before age 2 were most likely to make dramatic gains. Foundational Autism Research - ANSWER -IAN (Interactive Autism Network) a project collecting information online from families of children with autism, ABA which may help build the foundation for later social skills training Difference between evidence-based interventions vs. non-evidence based interventions - ANSWER -Evidence-based: a body of formal research indicates the effectiveness of the treatment. (occupational therapy, speech therapy, ABA, social skills therapy) Non-evidence based: has not been proven effective ( Hippo therapy (horse-back riding), GFCF diet (Gluten free, Casein free) Positive Reinforcement - ANSWER -Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. Negative Reinforcement - ANSWER -Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.) A type of reinforcement in which the Presentation of the stimulus is contingent upon the response, resulting in an Increase in the future probability of that response. Ex. Wife nagging at Husband to take out trash, so he takes out trash to stop her from nagging. Positive Punishment - ANSWER -A type of punishment in which stimulus Presentaion is contingent on a response resulting in the Decrease of the future probability of that response. Ex. Mom spanking their kid, following the problem behavior in order to decrease behavior. Negative Punishment - ANSWER -the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring. Time Out would be a negative punishment because you are subtracting from the time in the environment. Reinforcer - ANSWER -A stimulus that is either delivered or removed that will Increase the likelihood of that response occurring in the future Punisher - ANSWER -any stimulus or event that functions to decrease the likelihood of the behavior that led to it Conditioned reinforcer - ANSWER -Secondary : a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer ex: grades, money Unconditioned Reinforcer - ANSWER -Primary : A stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior learning; that is, its effect is due to phylogenic provenance. ex: food, clothing, shelter Extinction - ANSWER -A procedure by which a behavior that was previously reinforced no longer receives reinforcement and the probability of the behavior decreases. Following through and not allowing them to escape the task. Ex: Withholding attention for attention seeking behaviors. Deprivation - ANSWER -The more deprived of a particular reinforcer, the more powerful that reinforce will be come, used to make it clear that reinforcement is available if the correct response is given Like making something only available during session, will increase it's reinforcement capabilities. Satiation - ANSWER -Repeated presentation of a reinforcer weakens its effectiveness and for this reason the rate of responses declines. Ex: Too much of a Good Thing Contingency - ANSWER -the relationship between two events, one being contingent or a consequence of the other event, Ex: If you finish your work, you get a sticker; If you don't finish your work, you don't get a sticker.