Richards Exam 1 questions well
answered
Communication- Physical Needs - correct answer ✔✔important for health and development; Frederick II
experiment (orphanage: only gave babies primal needs, no affection, babies died!); important for adult
health (social interaction - heart disease/high blood pressure lower with social ties) (examples: Floyd's
study on affection and stress; HIV progresses slower after people know about disease; Older people w/
friends are less likely to die)
Communication- Relational Needs - correct answer ✔✔relationship formation/maintenance requires
communication; relationships predict overall happiness & depression (Ex. Feral Children "raised by
animals" Victor of Veyron, John Sebenza, Oxana Malaya)
Communication- Identity Needs - correct answer ✔✔communication with others determines how we
see ourselves (social comparison); "All the world's a stage" (Jacques, As You Like It, Shakespeare); play
different roles in different situations
Communication- Spiritual Needs - correct answer ✔✔allows us to share beliefs, morals, and values with
others (75% of college students have "meaning of life" discussion with friends)
Communication- Instrumental Needs - correct answer ✔✔practical, everyday needs; help us accomplish
short term tasks; must precede other needs2
model - correct answer ✔✔simplified way of thinking about something
encoding - correct answer ✔✔turning a thought into a behavior
decoding - correct answer ✔✔turning a behavior into a thought
, Action Model - correct answer ✔✔communication as a one way process; source, encodes, message,
channels, receiver, decodes, noise, physical, psychological, physiological
Interaction Model - correct answer ✔✔communication as a two way process; includes all elements of
the action model, except: feedback & context
Transaction Model - correct answer ✔✔communication as a multi-way process; messages & feedback
are being sent at the same time/encoding & decoding are happening at the same time (main difference
between transaction and interaction model)
6 Characteristics of Communication: 1. Communication relies on multiple characteristics - correct answer
✔✔channel rich contexts: two way (face to face)
channel lean contexts: one way communication (more channels)
6 Characteristics of Communication: 2. Communication passes through filters - correct answer
✔✔interpretation of messages is dependent on perceptions, experiences, biases & beliefs
6 Characteristics of Communication: 3. People give communication meaning - correct answer ✔✔assign
value to symbols
language is arbitrary, but still very powerful
(ex. stop sign)
6 Characteristics of Communication: 4. Communication has literal meanings and relational implications -
correct answer ✔✔-content dimension
"I'm feeling blue" = I am sad
-relational dimension
"I'm feeling blue" = this relationship is one where we confide in each other
-meta communcation= emotional communication
6 Characteristics of Communication: 5. Communication sends a message, whether intentional or
unintentional - correct answer ✔✔2 perspectives:
-one cannot NOT communicate