Nurs601 ADVANCED I!% I !%
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Quiz 4 With I !% I !% I !%
I!%
complete solution Newest I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
describe the pericardium again?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. It is made up of connective tissue and a surface layer of squamous cells.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. The pericardium protects the heart against infection and inflammation from the lungs
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
and pleural space.
I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. It contains pain and mechanoreceptors that can elicit reflex changes in blood pressure
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
and heart rate. - ANS: B
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The pericardium is made up of a surface layer of mesothelium over a thin layer of
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
connective tissue. The healthcare professional would need to re-explain if the student
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
stated the pericardium is made up of connective tissue and a layer of squamous cells.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The other statements are accurate.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
units and conduits for blood.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. The right and left atria; they are not directly involved in the preload, contractility, or
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
afterload of the heart.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. The left ventricle; the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
lung, which has a low pressure.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation. - ANS: A
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The two atria have the thinnest walls because they are low-pressure chambers that
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
serve as storage units and conduits for blood that is emptied into the ventricles. The
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ventricles have thicker walls in order to pump blood against resistance.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. Right atrium I!% I!%
b. Left atrium I!% I!%
c. Left ventricle I!% I!%
d. Right ventricle - ANS: C I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
Pressure is greatest in the left ventricle with a systolic range of 90 to 140 mmHg. The right
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ventricle is next with a systolic range of 15 to 28 mmHg, followed by the left and right atria,
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
respectively.
I!%
I!%
I!%
1. What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
are filled with blood?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
- ANS: B I!% I!% I!% I!%
, During ventricular relaxation, the two atrioventricular valves open and blood flows from
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
the higher pressure atria to the relaxed ventricles. With increasing ventricular pressure,
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
these valves close and prevent backflow into the atria as the ventricles contract. The
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
chordae tendineae attach the bottom end of the AV valves to the papillary muscles. The
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
endocardium covers beamlike projections of muscle tissue, called trabeculae carneae.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The valves are not pulled closed by reduced atrial pressure.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
muscles. What response by the professional is best? a. The papillary muscles close
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
the semilunar valves.
I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. They open the atrioventricular valves. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. The papillary muscles open the semilunar valves. - ANS: BI!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The papillary muscles are extensions of the myocardium that pull the cusps of the AV
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
valves together and downward at the onset of ventricular contraction, thus preventing
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
their backward expulsion into the atria. They do not close the semilunar valves or open
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
the AV valves or semilunar valves.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ventricles relax?
I!% I!% I!%
a. Papillary muscles relax, which allows the valves to close. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
valves closed.
I!% I!% I!%
d. Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. -
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ANS: D I!% I!% I!%
When the ventricles relax, blood fills the cusps and causes their free edges to meet in the
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
middle of the vessel, closing the valve and preventing any backflow. The papillary
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
muscles function in the tricuspid and mitral valves as do the chordae tendineae.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
Reduced pressure does not pull the valves closed.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. Superior vena cava I!% I!% I!%
b. Pulmonary veins I!% I!%
c. Pulmonary artery I!% I!%
d. Coronary veins - ANS: B I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The four pulmonary veins, two from the right lung and two from the left lung, carry
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart. All other veins carry
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
deoxygenated blood. The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
systemic circulation to the right atrium. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
blood from the right side of the heart into the lungs.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
would the student expect to see when examining this patient? a. Improvement in
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
atrial dysrhythmias
I!% I!% I!%
b. Increased blood pressure I!% I!% I!%
c. Signs of decreased cardiac output I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. Elevations in serum troponin levels - ANS: C I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
Left atrial contraction, the atrial kick, provides a significant increase of blood to the left
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ventricle. This would help to increase cardiac output. With the loss of this atrial kick, the
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Quiz 4 With I !% I !% I !%
I!%
complete solution Newest I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
describe the pericardium again?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. It is made up of connective tissue and a surface layer of squamous cells.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. The pericardium protects the heart against infection and inflammation from the lungs
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
and pleural space.
I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. It contains pain and mechanoreceptors that can elicit reflex changes in blood pressure
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
and heart rate. - ANS: B
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The pericardium is made up of a surface layer of mesothelium over a thin layer of
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
connective tissue. The healthcare professional would need to re-explain if the student
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
stated the pericardium is made up of connective tissue and a layer of squamous cells.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The other statements are accurate.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
units and conduits for blood.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. The right and left atria; they are not directly involved in the preload, contractility, or
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
afterload of the heart.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. The left ventricle; the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
lung, which has a low pressure.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation. - ANS: A
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The two atria have the thinnest walls because they are low-pressure chambers that
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
serve as storage units and conduits for blood that is emptied into the ventricles. The
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ventricles have thicker walls in order to pump blood against resistance.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. Right atrium I!% I!%
b. Left atrium I!% I!%
c. Left ventricle I!% I!%
d. Right ventricle - ANS: C I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
Pressure is greatest in the left ventricle with a systolic range of 90 to 140 mmHg. The right
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ventricle is next with a systolic range of 15 to 28 mmHg, followed by the left and right atria,
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
respectively.
I!%
I!%
I!%
1. What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
are filled with blood?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
- ANS: B I!% I!% I!% I!%
, During ventricular relaxation, the two atrioventricular valves open and blood flows from
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
the higher pressure atria to the relaxed ventricles. With increasing ventricular pressure,
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
these valves close and prevent backflow into the atria as the ventricles contract. The
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
chordae tendineae attach the bottom end of the AV valves to the papillary muscles. The
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
endocardium covers beamlike projections of muscle tissue, called trabeculae carneae.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The valves are not pulled closed by reduced atrial pressure.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
muscles. What response by the professional is best? a. The papillary muscles close
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
the semilunar valves.
I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. They open the atrioventricular valves. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. The papillary muscles open the semilunar valves. - ANS: BI!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The papillary muscles are extensions of the myocardium that pull the cusps of the AV
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
valves together and downward at the onset of ventricular contraction, thus preventing
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
their backward expulsion into the atria. They do not close the semilunar valves or open
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
the AV valves or semilunar valves.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ventricles relax?
I!% I!% I!%
a. Papillary muscles relax, which allows the valves to close. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
b. Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed. I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
c. Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
valves closed.
I!% I!% I!%
d. Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. -
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ANS: D I!% I!% I!%
When the ventricles relax, blood fills the cusps and causes their free edges to meet in the
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
middle of the vessel, closing the valve and preventing any backflow. The papillary
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
muscles function in the tricuspid and mitral valves as do the chordae tendineae.
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
Reduced pressure does not pull the valves closed.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel?
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
a. Superior vena cava I!% I!% I!%
b. Pulmonary veins I!% I!%
c. Pulmonary artery I!% I!%
d. Coronary veins - ANS: B I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
The four pulmonary veins, two from the right lung and two from the left lung, carry
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart. All other veins carry
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
deoxygenated blood. The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
systemic circulation to the right atrium. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
blood from the right side of the heart into the lungs.
I!%
I!%
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
1. A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
would the student expect to see when examining this patient? a. Improvement in
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
atrial dysrhythmias
I!% I!% I!%
b. Increased blood pressure I!% I!% I!%
c. Signs of decreased cardiac output I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
d. Elevations in serum troponin levels - ANS: C I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
Left atrial contraction, the atrial kick, provides a significant increase of blood to the left
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
ventricle. This would help to increase cardiac output. With the loss of this atrial kick, the
I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!% I!%
