ATCN 2020 Chapter 6. Head Trauma
Questions & Answers (RATED A+)
The primary goal of treatment for patients with suspected TBI's is to prevent
___________________________________________. - ANSWERSecondary Brain
injury
The most important ways to limit secondary brain damage and thereby improve a
patients outcome are to - ANSWEREnsure adequate oxygenation and maintain
blood pressure at the level that is sufficient to perfuse the brain.
Skull
Anterior Fossa - Houses ??????
Middle Fossa - Houses ?????
Posterior Fossa - houses ????? - ANSWERAnterior Fossa - Houses the frontal
lobes
Middle Fossa - Houses the temporal lobes
Posterior Fossa - contains the lower brain stem and cerebellum
Meninges
___________________________________ is a tough fibrous membrane that
adheres firmly to the internal surface of the skull, at specific sites, the
________________ splits into two "leaves" that enclose the large venous sinuses,
which provide the major venous drainage from the brain. - ANSWERDura Mater /
Dura.
______________________________________ lie between the dura and the internal
surface of the skull in the epidural space. Overlying skull fractures can lacerate these
arteries and cause an epidural hematoma. - ANSWERMeningeal arteries
The _____________________________________ is the most common injured
artery, located over the temporal fossa. - ANSWERThe middle meningeal artery
__________________________________________ space between the dura mater
and the arachnoid mater - ANSWERSubdural space
Beneath the dura is a second meningeal layer: the thin, transparent arachnoid mater.
Because the dura is not attached to the underlying arachnoid membranes a potential
space between these layers exists (the subdural space) into which hemorrhage can
occur. - ANSWERIn a Brian injury, bridging veins that travel from the surface of the
brain to the venous sinuses within the dura may tear, leading to the formation of a
subdural hematoma.
______________________________________ is firmly attached to the surface of
the brain. Cerebral spinal fluid fills the space between the watertight arachnoid mater
and the pia mater. (Subarachnoid space) Hemorrhage into this fluid filled space
, frequently accompanies brain contusion and injuries to major blood vessels at the
base of the brain. - ANSWERPia Mater
_____________________________________________ right and left sides are
separated by the falx. The left hemisphere contains the language center in virtually
all right handed people and in more than 85% of left handed people. -
ANSWERCerebrum
________________________________ controls executive function, emotions, motor
functions, and on the dominant side, expression of speech. - ANSWERFrontal Lobe
___________________________ directs sensory function and spatial orientation,
the temporal lobe regulates certain memory functions, and the occipital lobe is
responsible for vision. - ANSWERParietal Lobes
Brain Stem
__________________________________ contains the reticular activating systems
which is responsible for the state of alertness. - ANSWERMidbrain and upper pons
Vital cardio respiratory centers reside in the _____________________________,
which extends downward to connect with the spinal cord, - ANSWERMedulla
The _______________________________ is responsible mainly for coordination
and balance, projects posteriorly in the posterior fossa and connects to the spinal
cord, brain stem, and cerebral hemispheres. - ANSWERCerebellum
______________________________________ are a system of CSF filled spaces
and aqueducts within the brain. CSF is constantly produced with the ventricles and
absorbed over the surface of the brain. The presence of blood in the CSF can impair
its reabsorption, resulting in increased intracranial pressure. - ANSWERVentricular
System
The meninges partitions separate the brain into regions. The tentorium cerebelli
divides the intracranial cavity into : - ANSWERThe Supratentorial and infratentorial
compartments.
The mid Brian passes through the opening called the ? - ANSWERTentorial hiatus or
notch
The ____________________________________________ (cranial nerve III) runs
along the edge of the tentorium and may become compressed against it during
temporal lobe herniation. - ANSWEROcular motor nerve
The parasympathetic fibers that constrict the pupils lie on the surface of the third
cranial nerve: compression of these superficial fibers during herniation causes
pupillary dilitation due to un-opposed sympathetic activity, often referred to as a
__________________________________. - ANSWERBlown Pupil.
The part of the brain that usually herniated through the tentorial notch is the medial
part of the temporal lobe, known as the uncus. Uncal herniation also causes
Questions & Answers (RATED A+)
The primary goal of treatment for patients with suspected TBI's is to prevent
___________________________________________. - ANSWERSecondary Brain
injury
The most important ways to limit secondary brain damage and thereby improve a
patients outcome are to - ANSWEREnsure adequate oxygenation and maintain
blood pressure at the level that is sufficient to perfuse the brain.
Skull
Anterior Fossa - Houses ??????
Middle Fossa - Houses ?????
Posterior Fossa - houses ????? - ANSWERAnterior Fossa - Houses the frontal
lobes
Middle Fossa - Houses the temporal lobes
Posterior Fossa - contains the lower brain stem and cerebellum
Meninges
___________________________________ is a tough fibrous membrane that
adheres firmly to the internal surface of the skull, at specific sites, the
________________ splits into two "leaves" that enclose the large venous sinuses,
which provide the major venous drainage from the brain. - ANSWERDura Mater /
Dura.
______________________________________ lie between the dura and the internal
surface of the skull in the epidural space. Overlying skull fractures can lacerate these
arteries and cause an epidural hematoma. - ANSWERMeningeal arteries
The _____________________________________ is the most common injured
artery, located over the temporal fossa. - ANSWERThe middle meningeal artery
__________________________________________ space between the dura mater
and the arachnoid mater - ANSWERSubdural space
Beneath the dura is a second meningeal layer: the thin, transparent arachnoid mater.
Because the dura is not attached to the underlying arachnoid membranes a potential
space between these layers exists (the subdural space) into which hemorrhage can
occur. - ANSWERIn a Brian injury, bridging veins that travel from the surface of the
brain to the venous sinuses within the dura may tear, leading to the formation of a
subdural hematoma.
______________________________________ is firmly attached to the surface of
the brain. Cerebral spinal fluid fills the space between the watertight arachnoid mater
and the pia mater. (Subarachnoid space) Hemorrhage into this fluid filled space
, frequently accompanies brain contusion and injuries to major blood vessels at the
base of the brain. - ANSWERPia Mater
_____________________________________________ right and left sides are
separated by the falx. The left hemisphere contains the language center in virtually
all right handed people and in more than 85% of left handed people. -
ANSWERCerebrum
________________________________ controls executive function, emotions, motor
functions, and on the dominant side, expression of speech. - ANSWERFrontal Lobe
___________________________ directs sensory function and spatial orientation,
the temporal lobe regulates certain memory functions, and the occipital lobe is
responsible for vision. - ANSWERParietal Lobes
Brain Stem
__________________________________ contains the reticular activating systems
which is responsible for the state of alertness. - ANSWERMidbrain and upper pons
Vital cardio respiratory centers reside in the _____________________________,
which extends downward to connect with the spinal cord, - ANSWERMedulla
The _______________________________ is responsible mainly for coordination
and balance, projects posteriorly in the posterior fossa and connects to the spinal
cord, brain stem, and cerebral hemispheres. - ANSWERCerebellum
______________________________________ are a system of CSF filled spaces
and aqueducts within the brain. CSF is constantly produced with the ventricles and
absorbed over the surface of the brain. The presence of blood in the CSF can impair
its reabsorption, resulting in increased intracranial pressure. - ANSWERVentricular
System
The meninges partitions separate the brain into regions. The tentorium cerebelli
divides the intracranial cavity into : - ANSWERThe Supratentorial and infratentorial
compartments.
The mid Brian passes through the opening called the ? - ANSWERTentorial hiatus or
notch
The ____________________________________________ (cranial nerve III) runs
along the edge of the tentorium and may become compressed against it during
temporal lobe herniation. - ANSWEROcular motor nerve
The parasympathetic fibers that constrict the pupils lie on the surface of the third
cranial nerve: compression of these superficial fibers during herniation causes
pupillary dilitation due to un-opposed sympathetic activity, often referred to as a
__________________________________. - ANSWERBlown Pupil.
The part of the brain that usually herniated through the tentorial notch is the medial
part of the temporal lobe, known as the uncus. Uncal herniation also causes
