ACS ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY STUDY GUIDE
• kf': kf'=kf*a
• EDTA titations: 1. before eq EDTA binds to metal 1:1
2. At eq we assume that all metal ions can bind to EDTA and then use kf'
• Potentiometry: an analytical method in which an electric potential difference (avoltage) of
a cell is measured
• Reducing agent: Donates electrons and becomes oxidized.
• oxidizing agent: Accepts electrons and becomes reduced.
• coulametry: science of measuring change and relating it to analyte
• cathode: the electrode at which reduction occurs
• Anode: the electrode at which oxidation occurs
• Ecell: Ecell=Ered-Eox
• Faraday's Equation: E=E-(.o592/n)log(a/b)
• ||: anode always written on left of ||
• ampeometry: elec techniques where the cell current is measured where pot diffbetween the
indicator and referance electrode is controlled
• Clark electrode: Electrode for oxygen
• Biosensors: Detecting devices that can detect specific substances in cells
• amp chromo det: point, size, or charge
• limiting current: the diff between current and steady state max
• Anodic vol: Very sensative for analyzing metals into ppb
• fluroescence: used to measure singlets, atoms like rigid aromatic rings, highsensativity
• phospherecence: involves emission of light trip- singlet, much lower than fluro
• Transmittance: A=-log(T) or 2-log(T%)
• atomic absorbtion: lamp-flame-mono-detector
• atomic emission: flame-mono-detector
• AA hollow cathode lamp: used to form very narrow band lights
• AA atomizer: Heat sample to very high temps to break all chemical bonds, hotenough to
, achieve atomization but no warmer
• Plasma source (AE): goes to super hot temp. Consists of argon gas, made ofquartz
• Doppler broadening: Slight shift in freq caused by the motion of atoms towardsor away
from beam of light. (inc with temp)
• Pressure broadining: Phenomenon which collisions between atoms or ionswith atomizer
cause small shifts or distortions.
• Graphite furnace: advantages are it is much smaller than flame atomizer andall of sample
used for analysis
• What if a solid sample is used?: It would have to be digested/dissolved in nitricacid or aqua
regia for AA
• retention or capacity factor: Ka'=tr-tm/tm
• kb: Kb=cstation/cmobile
• selectivity factor: alpha=(kb/ka)
• E relative: (|x1-x(true)|)/x(true) *100
• standard deviation: sqrt((x1-x)^(2)+(x2-x)^(2))/(n-1)
• relative standard deviation: (s/x(mean))*100
• relative uncertainty: (abs uncertainty)/measured value
• How are vol pipets calibrated?: For last drop to not be forced out
• TC: to contain
• TD: to deliver
• Tolerance: max permissible deviation of measured value
• propagation of uncertainty add or sub: sqrt(x^(2)+x2^(2). ................................... )
• propagation on uncertainty multiplication or subtraction: -
sqrt((x/a)^(2)+(x/b)^(2))
• for gaussian curve +2 sigma is. ....................... 68.2%
• for gaussian curve what is +3 sigma. .......................... 99.7%
• Qcalc: (gap)/(range)
• Grubbs test: |mean-poss outlier|/s
• uncertainty: mu=mean+/- ts/SQrt(N)
• S pooled: sqrt((Na-1)sa^(2)+(Nb-1)sb^(2))/(Na+Nb-2)
• Least sq method: The best fit line through a set of data points in which the linewhich min
the sum of sq of deviations between data points and lines.
• kf': kf'=kf*a
• EDTA titations: 1. before eq EDTA binds to metal 1:1
2. At eq we assume that all metal ions can bind to EDTA and then use kf'
• Potentiometry: an analytical method in which an electric potential difference (avoltage) of
a cell is measured
• Reducing agent: Donates electrons and becomes oxidized.
• oxidizing agent: Accepts electrons and becomes reduced.
• coulametry: science of measuring change and relating it to analyte
• cathode: the electrode at which reduction occurs
• Anode: the electrode at which oxidation occurs
• Ecell: Ecell=Ered-Eox
• Faraday's Equation: E=E-(.o592/n)log(a/b)
• ||: anode always written on left of ||
• ampeometry: elec techniques where the cell current is measured where pot diffbetween the
indicator and referance electrode is controlled
• Clark electrode: Electrode for oxygen
• Biosensors: Detecting devices that can detect specific substances in cells
• amp chromo det: point, size, or charge
• limiting current: the diff between current and steady state max
• Anodic vol: Very sensative for analyzing metals into ppb
• fluroescence: used to measure singlets, atoms like rigid aromatic rings, highsensativity
• phospherecence: involves emission of light trip- singlet, much lower than fluro
• Transmittance: A=-log(T) or 2-log(T%)
• atomic absorbtion: lamp-flame-mono-detector
• atomic emission: flame-mono-detector
• AA hollow cathode lamp: used to form very narrow band lights
• AA atomizer: Heat sample to very high temps to break all chemical bonds, hotenough to
, achieve atomization but no warmer
• Plasma source (AE): goes to super hot temp. Consists of argon gas, made ofquartz
• Doppler broadening: Slight shift in freq caused by the motion of atoms towardsor away
from beam of light. (inc with temp)
• Pressure broadining: Phenomenon which collisions between atoms or ionswith atomizer
cause small shifts or distortions.
• Graphite furnace: advantages are it is much smaller than flame atomizer andall of sample
used for analysis
• What if a solid sample is used?: It would have to be digested/dissolved in nitricacid or aqua
regia for AA
• retention or capacity factor: Ka'=tr-tm/tm
• kb: Kb=cstation/cmobile
• selectivity factor: alpha=(kb/ka)
• E relative: (|x1-x(true)|)/x(true) *100
• standard deviation: sqrt((x1-x)^(2)+(x2-x)^(2))/(n-1)
• relative standard deviation: (s/x(mean))*100
• relative uncertainty: (abs uncertainty)/measured value
• How are vol pipets calibrated?: For last drop to not be forced out
• TC: to contain
• TD: to deliver
• Tolerance: max permissible deviation of measured value
• propagation of uncertainty add or sub: sqrt(x^(2)+x2^(2). ................................... )
• propagation on uncertainty multiplication or subtraction: -
sqrt((x/a)^(2)+(x/b)^(2))
• for gaussian curve +2 sigma is. ....................... 68.2%
• for gaussian curve what is +3 sigma. .......................... 99.7%
• Qcalc: (gap)/(range)
• Grubbs test: |mean-poss outlier|/s
• uncertainty: mu=mean+/- ts/SQrt(N)
• S pooled: sqrt((Na-1)sa^(2)+(Nb-1)sb^(2))/(Na+Nb-2)
• Least sq method: The best fit line through a set of data points in which the linewhich min
the sum of sq of deviations between data points and lines.
