NGR6200 Dermatology Exam Questions with Correct Solutions New Version () Already Passed

NGR6200 Dermatology Exam Questions with Correct Solutions New Version () Already Passed 1. What are the causes of mongolian spots? - Answers Mongolian spots result from entrapment of melanocytes in the dermis during migration from the neural crest into the epidermis. 2. Do mongolian spots go away? - Answers Usually in the first year of life they decrease in size 3. Mongolian spots are associated with what disorders? - Answers Cleft lip or palate, spinal meningeal tumor, melanoma and other rare syndromes. Child abuse is sometimes suspected. 4. What are the characteristics of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)? - Answers Erythematous macular rash begins on the cheeks (slapped cheek) and spreads to the arms and trunk. 5. Why do older adults as well as patients with diabetes tend to have dry skin? - Answers There is a reduction in sweat and oil glands. 6. What is the term used when a lesion changes into a secondary lesion because of chronic scratching or rubbing? - Answers Lichenification. 7. Why is it important not to use steroid creams for longer than 2 weeks? - Answers - To avoid skin erosions - atrophy - skin thinning - striae - purpura - telangiectasia - hypertrichosis (excessive growth of hair, especially on the face). 8. Which of the following is the most potent topical corticosteroid: (clobetasol propionate 0.05% or hydrocortisone 2.5%) - Answers Clobetasol propionate is one of the most potent topical corticosteroids 9. What types of animal bites require antibiotics? - Answers - Bites of the hand - genitals - feet - cartilage - cat bites - bites in individuals with immune compromise including diabetes 10. What antibiotic is used for animal bites? - Answers Augmentin is a good choice 11. The five Ps-planar, purple, polygonal, pruritic, and papular, are present in_______? - Answers Lichen planus 12. Why is it important to check in the mouth of an infant with diaper rash? - Answers Infants with diaper dermatitis may also have thrush 13. What is the "atopic triad?" - Answers - Eczema or atopic dermatitis (AD) - allergic rhinitis (AR) - asthma. 14. What is the most important aspect of skin care for individuals with atopic dermatitis? - Answers Application of lubricants 15. What type of skin preparation would you choose in order to have the maximum absorption possible? - Answers Ointment 16. Patch testing is done by allergist to diagnosis the cause of contact dermatitis. What are the most common allergens? - Answers - Nickel - fragrance mix - cobalt - neomycin - balsam of Peru - thimerosal 17. Define angioedema (AE) - Answers Angioedema is an edematous area that involves transudation of fluid into the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. 18. How is angioedema (AE) treated? - Answers - Epinephrine - antihistamine - prednisone 19. A patient presents with linear lesions over areas where she has scratched that resolve within a few minutes. This most likely represents___________? - Answers Dermographism 20. What abnormality would you likely see on the complete blood count in a patient with urticaria? - Answers Eosinophilia 21. What are etiologic factors for urticaria that begin with the letter "I"? - Answers - idiopathic - infection - infestation - ingestion - inhalation - injection 22. What types of systemic disorders can cause pruritus? - Answers - Hodgkin's lymphoma - renal - liver - thyroid disease 23. An 80-year-old male with BPH develops urticaria and is prescribed diphenhydramine. Adverse effects problematic for this patient include: - Answers Urinary retention and sedation 24. The lesions of urticaria are described as________? - Answers Wheals 25. Well demarcated silvery plaques on the knees is likely________? - Answers Psoriasis 26. What is the pathophysiology of the plaque formation in psoriasis? - Answers Accelerated mitosis and rapid cell turnover which lead to decreased maturation and keratinization 27. Do you use systemic corticosteroids for psoriasis? - Answers Oral corticosteroids should not be used because it may cause pustular flares. 28. How does ultraviolet light help psoriasis? - Answers It decreases the growth rate of epidermal cells 29. Which rash starts with a herald patch and can take on a configuration of a Christmas tree? - Answers Pityriasis rosea 30. What is the cause of pityriasis rosea? - Answers It is thought to be of viral origin 31. How is pityriasis rosea treated? - Answers Not much helps. If pruritus is involved, topical steroids and H1 blockers may be helpful. Erythromycin may also be helpful. 32. A solitary oval herald patch with an inner circlet of scale that appears a week or two before an eruption of smaller but similar plaques predominately distributed in a fir tree pattern on the trunk is most likely_______? - Answers Pityriasis rosea 33. Pityriasis rosea can last for________weeks? - Answers 6-12 weeks 34. What is the "classic triad" of clinical features associated with Reiter's syndrome? - Answers - Urethritis - conjunctivitis - arthritis 35. Describe the rash of Reiter's syndrome. - Answers - Erythema and scale (looks like psoriasis) - occurs on the palms, soles, and glans penis and other areas. 36. What is the treatment of Reiter's syndrome? - Answers Treatment is topical steroids. - Treat chlamydia if present. Refer to a rheumatologist if joint problems persist. 37. What type of pedunculated lesion is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM)? - Answers Skin tags (acrochordon). 38. Which of the two lesions (actinic keratosis or seborrheic keratosis) is due to sun exposure and is considered a pre-cancerous lesion? - Answers Actinic keratosis. 39. Blackheads are known as (open or closed) comedones - Answers Open comedones. 40. Name some drugs that can trigger acne exacerbations. - Answers - Medications such as topical and systemic corticosteroids - Hormone therapies