CSU BMS Exam 2 with verified solutions
Three |Box |Model |- |data |in, |analysis, |data |out. |sensory |information |to |PNS |via |afferent, |CNS |brain
|and |spinal |cord |intergration, |PNS |motor |info |out |via |efferent
Sensory |Transduction |- |changing |forms |of |energy |to |ion |movements |across |membranes
3 |energy |types |for |sensory |transduction |- |electromagnetic |(vision) |mechanical |(touch, |audition)
|chemical |(taste, |smell)- |info |stored |in |molecular |shapes
The |Neuron |Doctrine |- |The |neuron |is |the |structural |and |functional |unit |of |the |nervous |system
Camillo |Golgi |- |reticularist. |golgi |stain. |all |neurons |are |connected |by |cytoplasmic |bridges.
Santiago |Ramon |y |Cajal |- |Cellularist. |Each |neuron |is |an |individual |cell. |Dendrite-cell |body-axon. |Law
|of |dynamic |polarization. |Unidirection |flow |of |info.
structural |description |of |Neuron |- |Dendrite, |cell |body, |axon.
functional |description |of |neuron |- |input |(dendrite |and |cell |body), |conductile |(axon), |output |(axon
|terminal)
input |region |(ion |relation) |- |ligand-gated |ionotropic |channel. |neurotransmitter |activated |channels
conductile |region |(ion |relation) |- |Voltage |gated |channels |(Na |and |K) |charge |sensitive
output |region |(ion |relation) |- |Voltage |gated |Ca2+ |channel. |exocytosis.
, Axoplasmic |transport |directions |- |anterograde |(toward |axon |terminal |Kinesin) |and |retrograde
|(toward |cell |body |Dynein)
Fast |axoplasmic |transport |- |vesicular |proteins. |microtubules
slow |axoplasmic |transport |- |cytoplasmic |proteins.
Glia |- |glue. |regulate |the |environment |for |neuronal |signaling
Glia |in |the |CNS |- |astrocytes, |oligodendrocytes
Glia |in |the |PNS |- |Schwann |cells
Astrocytes |- |clean |out |the |extracellular |space. |Regulate |extracellular |K+ |levels |and |clearing |out
|neurotransmitters |at |synaptic |clef
Oligodendrocytes |- |forms |the |myelin |wrapping |around |the |axon |in |the |CNS. |inhibit |neuronal
|growth.
Schwann |cells |- |form |the |myelin |wrapping |around |the |axon |in |the |PNS. |support |regrowth |of
|neurons
Nodes |of |Ranvier |- |gaps |in |the |myelin |sheath. |v-gated |ion |channels |cluster |here.
internodal |region |- |axon |regions |wrapped |in |myelin
Disease |of |oligodendrocytes |- |multiple |sclerosis |(MS) |auto |immune |disease |that |destroys |the
|myelin. |T-killer |cells. |axons |can |not |longer |propagate |action |potentials. |CNS
The |potassium |battery |- |membrane |potential
Three |Box |Model |- |data |in, |analysis, |data |out. |sensory |information |to |PNS |via |afferent, |CNS |brain
|and |spinal |cord |intergration, |PNS |motor |info |out |via |efferent
Sensory |Transduction |- |changing |forms |of |energy |to |ion |movements |across |membranes
3 |energy |types |for |sensory |transduction |- |electromagnetic |(vision) |mechanical |(touch, |audition)
|chemical |(taste, |smell)- |info |stored |in |molecular |shapes
The |Neuron |Doctrine |- |The |neuron |is |the |structural |and |functional |unit |of |the |nervous |system
Camillo |Golgi |- |reticularist. |golgi |stain. |all |neurons |are |connected |by |cytoplasmic |bridges.
Santiago |Ramon |y |Cajal |- |Cellularist. |Each |neuron |is |an |individual |cell. |Dendrite-cell |body-axon. |Law
|of |dynamic |polarization. |Unidirection |flow |of |info.
structural |description |of |Neuron |- |Dendrite, |cell |body, |axon.
functional |description |of |neuron |- |input |(dendrite |and |cell |body), |conductile |(axon), |output |(axon
|terminal)
input |region |(ion |relation) |- |ligand-gated |ionotropic |channel. |neurotransmitter |activated |channels
conductile |region |(ion |relation) |- |Voltage |gated |channels |(Na |and |K) |charge |sensitive
output |region |(ion |relation) |- |Voltage |gated |Ca2+ |channel. |exocytosis.
, Axoplasmic |transport |directions |- |anterograde |(toward |axon |terminal |Kinesin) |and |retrograde
|(toward |cell |body |Dynein)
Fast |axoplasmic |transport |- |vesicular |proteins. |microtubules
slow |axoplasmic |transport |- |cytoplasmic |proteins.
Glia |- |glue. |regulate |the |environment |for |neuronal |signaling
Glia |in |the |CNS |- |astrocytes, |oligodendrocytes
Glia |in |the |PNS |- |Schwann |cells
Astrocytes |- |clean |out |the |extracellular |space. |Regulate |extracellular |K+ |levels |and |clearing |out
|neurotransmitters |at |synaptic |clef
Oligodendrocytes |- |forms |the |myelin |wrapping |around |the |axon |in |the |CNS. |inhibit |neuronal
|growth.
Schwann |cells |- |form |the |myelin |wrapping |around |the |axon |in |the |PNS. |support |regrowth |of
|neurons
Nodes |of |Ranvier |- |gaps |in |the |myelin |sheath. |v-gated |ion |channels |cluster |here.
internodal |region |- |axon |regions |wrapped |in |myelin
Disease |of |oligodendrocytes |- |multiple |sclerosis |(MS) |auto |immune |disease |that |destroys |the
|myelin. |T-killer |cells. |axons |can |not |longer |propagate |action |potentials. |CNS
The |potassium |battery |- |membrane |potential
