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PHRM 4200: Biopharmaceutics Exam Study
Guide.
Define biopharmaceutics. - Answer✔✔the study of how the physicochemical properties of
drugs, dosage forms, and route of administration affect the rate and extent of drug absorption
liberation and dissolution - Answer✔✔solid state -> solution
The drug must be ___ to be absorbed. - Answer✔✔in solution
Define bioavailability. - Answer✔✔the rate and extent of therapeutically active drug reaching
the systemic circulation
F - Answer✔✔bioavailability
absolute F - Answer✔✔IV reference
relative F - Answer✔✔compare formulation to a recognized standard (ex. market product or
topical vs oral)
Cmax - Answer✔✔peak plasma concentration of drug
Tmax - Answer✔✔time at the Cmax
Where can the rate of absorption be found? - Answer✔✔before the Cmax/Tmax
Where can the rate of elimination be found? - Answer✔✔after the Cmax/Tmax
AUC - Answer✔✔area under the curve; extent of absorption
Where can the extent of absorption be found? - Answer✔✔area under the curve
ka - Answer✔✔absorption rate
K - Answer✔✔elimination rate; partition
What is the equation for the plasma vs time curve? - Answer✔✔dX/dt = kaXa - KX
What happens when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔elimination: same rate
Tmax: decreases
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Cmax: increases
AUC: same
What happens to K when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔stays the same (same elimination rate)
What happens to Tmax when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔decreases (reaches Cmax faster)
What happens to Cmax when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔increases
What happens to the extent of absorption when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔stays the same
(AUC is equal)
Rate of drug change in body = - Answer✔✔rate in - rate out
true dose - Answer✔✔the drug available to exert its effect (not the drug swallowed)
What can cause a drug to have low bioavailability? - Answer✔✔- does not dissolve easily
- does not readily pass across biological membranes
- extensively metabolized during absorption process
Variable bioavailability may produce - - Answer✔✔variable exposures
What are the physicochemical factors affecting bioavailability? - Answer✔✔solubility, solid
state, MW, polarity, lipophilicity, permeability, ionization, chemical stability, particle size
What are the physiological factors affecting bioavailability? - Answer✔✔absorption mechanism,
gastric residence time, intestinal motility, blood flow, disease, GI degradation, gastric pH,
metabolism
What are the biopharmaceutical factors affecting bioavailability? - Answer✔✔- route of admin,
dosage form, excipients, drug interactions, dose, food
Which route of admin is metabolized in the liver? - Answer✔✔oral, but not all drugs (some
rectal)
Do all oral drugs undergo first pass metabolism? - Answer✔✔no
There are differences in bioavailability in drugs with the same dosage form, but - -
Answer✔✔different routes of admin (ex. oral vs IM)
There are differences in bioavailability of drugs with same route of admin, but - -
Answer✔✔different types of dosage forms (ex. capsule vs suspension)
There are differences in bioavailability of drugs with same dosage form and route of admin, but -
- Answer✔✔different formulations (ex. different tablets)
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PHRM 4200: Biopharmaceutics Exam Study
Guide.
Define biopharmaceutics. - Answer✔✔the study of how the physicochemical properties of
drugs, dosage forms, and route of administration affect the rate and extent of drug absorption
liberation and dissolution - Answer✔✔solid state -> solution
The drug must be ___ to be absorbed. - Answer✔✔in solution
Define bioavailability. - Answer✔✔the rate and extent of therapeutically active drug reaching
the systemic circulation
F - Answer✔✔bioavailability
absolute F - Answer✔✔IV reference
relative F - Answer✔✔compare formulation to a recognized standard (ex. market product or
topical vs oral)
Cmax - Answer✔✔peak plasma concentration of drug
Tmax - Answer✔✔time at the Cmax
Where can the rate of absorption be found? - Answer✔✔before the Cmax/Tmax
Where can the rate of elimination be found? - Answer✔✔after the Cmax/Tmax
AUC - Answer✔✔area under the curve; extent of absorption
Where can the extent of absorption be found? - Answer✔✔area under the curve
ka - Answer✔✔absorption rate
K - Answer✔✔elimination rate; partition
What is the equation for the plasma vs time curve? - Answer✔✔dX/dt = kaXa - KX
What happens when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔elimination: same rate
Tmax: decreases
1
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Cmax: increases
AUC: same
What happens to K when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔stays the same (same elimination rate)
What happens to Tmax when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔decreases (reaches Cmax faster)
What happens to Cmax when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔increases
What happens to the extent of absorption when ka is increased? - Answer✔✔stays the same
(AUC is equal)
Rate of drug change in body = - Answer✔✔rate in - rate out
true dose - Answer✔✔the drug available to exert its effect (not the drug swallowed)
What can cause a drug to have low bioavailability? - Answer✔✔- does not dissolve easily
- does not readily pass across biological membranes
- extensively metabolized during absorption process
Variable bioavailability may produce - - Answer✔✔variable exposures
What are the physicochemical factors affecting bioavailability? - Answer✔✔solubility, solid
state, MW, polarity, lipophilicity, permeability, ionization, chemical stability, particle size
What are the physiological factors affecting bioavailability? - Answer✔✔absorption mechanism,
gastric residence time, intestinal motility, blood flow, disease, GI degradation, gastric pH,
metabolism
What are the biopharmaceutical factors affecting bioavailability? - Answer✔✔- route of admin,
dosage form, excipients, drug interactions, dose, food
Which route of admin is metabolized in the liver? - Answer✔✔oral, but not all drugs (some
rectal)
Do all oral drugs undergo first pass metabolism? - Answer✔✔no
There are differences in bioavailability in drugs with the same dosage form, but - -
Answer✔✔different routes of admin (ex. oral vs IM)
There are differences in bioavailability of drugs with same route of admin, but - -
Answer✔✔different types of dosage forms (ex. capsule vs suspension)
There are differences in bioavailability of drugs with same dosage form and route of admin, but -
- Answer✔✔different formulations (ex. different tablets)
2
