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HEMA Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass
45% formed elements and 55% plasma - ✔✔Parts of the blood
90% water and 10% dissolved substances - ✔✔Plasma is composed of
Upper- platelets
Middle- Agranulocytes
Lower- Granulocytes - ✔✔3 Layers of Buffy Coat
Yellowish or straw color - ✔✔Normal color of plasma or serum
Plasma - ✔✔Fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
Slightly hazy appearance
Contains all coagulation factor
Seum - ✔✔Fluid portion of non-anticoagulated blood
Clear appearance
Lacks fibrinogen group
Arteries - ✔✔Thickest blood vessel
Veins - ✔✔Blood vessels with valves
Range- 7.35-7.45
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
,2|Page
Venous- 7.35
Arterial- 7.45
Average- 7.40 - ✔✔Blood ph
HHS
Hemoconcentration
Hematoma
Syncope - ✔✔Effects of prolonged tourniquet application
Arterial blood - ✔✔oxygenated, bright red
Venous blood - ✔✔deoxygenated, dark purplish red
bright red, oxygenated - ✔✔pulmonary vein
dark purplish red, deoxygenated - ✔✔pulmonary artery
75-85 ml blood/ kg
7-8% of the total body weight - ✔✔Blood makes up ___ of the body weight
EDTA - ✔✔The mode of action of this anticoagulant is that it removes ionized calcium (Ca2+) through an
irreversible process referred as chelation.
This process forms an insoluble calcium salt that prevents blood coagulation
1.5 mg or 1 ml whole blood
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
,3|Page
Range- 1.2-1.5 mg/ml - ✔✔Edta conc
EDTA - ✔✔Ac choice in Hema
Most preferred
Edta - ✔✔Most preferred in cell counting and observation of cell morphology
Sodium citrate - ✔✔Most preferred Ac for platelet aggregation tests/ plt function tests
Dry forms- K2, Na2 EDTA
Liquid forms- K3 EDTA - ✔✔3 forms of EDTA
Versene - ✔✔Disodium EDTA
Sequestrene - ✔✔Tripotassium salt
Labile factors- 5 and 8 - ✔✔Factors not stable in EDTA
SWELL and FRAGMENT that will lead to false increase platelet count - ✔✔If concentration of EDTA
exceeds 2mg/ml of whole blood, platelets may
Increased EDTA
False increase platelets
False decrease HCT, ESR - ✔✔Short draw in Edta
Platelet satellitosis - ✔✔platelets surround neutrophils, artifact due to EDTA
Platelet satellitosis - ✔✔Associated with false decrease automated platelet count
Use Sodium citrate - ✔✔Ac for when there is Platelet satellitosis
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
, 4|Page
Sodium citrate - ✔✔Action is to binds calcium and form SOLUBLE complex
Sodium citrate - ✔✔Ac choice for coagulation studies
Preserves all clotting factors
9:1 - ✔✔Ratio of blood to anticoagulant (Sodium citrate for coagulation)
Sodium citrate (Black top) - ✔✔Anticoagulant for Standard Westergren
4:1 - ✔✔Ratio of blood to anticoagulant (Sodium citrate- black top)
3.2% (0.105M to 0.109M) - ✔✔Conc of Sod citrate for Coagulation studies
3.8% (0.129M) - ✔✔Conc of Sod citrate for Standard Wstergreen
Sodium citrate black top- 3.8% (0.129M) - ✔✔Not recommended in coagulation studies because it can
cause falsely prolonged coagulation results
Sodium citrate black top- 3.8% (0.129M) - ✔✔The most preferred anticoagulant for ESR testing
prolonged PT and PTT due to excess citrate in plasma - ✔✔Underfilling/excess citrate/short draw of the
tube can cause
Polycythemia vera - ✔✔condition characterized by too many erythrocytes; blood becomes too thick to
flow easily through blood vessels
true - ✔✔Dehydration affects plasma. T or F?
PROLONGED - ✔✔Polycythemic patient may have ______ coagulation test result
Insoluble - ✔✔Oxalate is an anticoagulant that binds to calcium to form ______ calcium oxalate
Potassium oxalate - ✔✔The most common oxalate that prevents coagulation by precipitating calcium
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
HEMA Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass
45% formed elements and 55% plasma - ✔✔Parts of the blood
90% water and 10% dissolved substances - ✔✔Plasma is composed of
Upper- platelets
Middle- Agranulocytes
Lower- Granulocytes - ✔✔3 Layers of Buffy Coat
Yellowish or straw color - ✔✔Normal color of plasma or serum
Plasma - ✔✔Fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
Slightly hazy appearance
Contains all coagulation factor
Seum - ✔✔Fluid portion of non-anticoagulated blood
Clear appearance
Lacks fibrinogen group
Arteries - ✔✔Thickest blood vessel
Veins - ✔✔Blood vessels with valves
Range- 7.35-7.45
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
,2|Page
Venous- 7.35
Arterial- 7.45
Average- 7.40 - ✔✔Blood ph
HHS
Hemoconcentration
Hematoma
Syncope - ✔✔Effects of prolonged tourniquet application
Arterial blood - ✔✔oxygenated, bright red
Venous blood - ✔✔deoxygenated, dark purplish red
bright red, oxygenated - ✔✔pulmonary vein
dark purplish red, deoxygenated - ✔✔pulmonary artery
75-85 ml blood/ kg
7-8% of the total body weight - ✔✔Blood makes up ___ of the body weight
EDTA - ✔✔The mode of action of this anticoagulant is that it removes ionized calcium (Ca2+) through an
irreversible process referred as chelation.
This process forms an insoluble calcium salt that prevents blood coagulation
1.5 mg or 1 ml whole blood
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
,3|Page
Range- 1.2-1.5 mg/ml - ✔✔Edta conc
EDTA - ✔✔Ac choice in Hema
Most preferred
Edta - ✔✔Most preferred in cell counting and observation of cell morphology
Sodium citrate - ✔✔Most preferred Ac for platelet aggregation tests/ plt function tests
Dry forms- K2, Na2 EDTA
Liquid forms- K3 EDTA - ✔✔3 forms of EDTA
Versene - ✔✔Disodium EDTA
Sequestrene - ✔✔Tripotassium salt
Labile factors- 5 and 8 - ✔✔Factors not stable in EDTA
SWELL and FRAGMENT that will lead to false increase platelet count - ✔✔If concentration of EDTA
exceeds 2mg/ml of whole blood, platelets may
Increased EDTA
False increase platelets
False decrease HCT, ESR - ✔✔Short draw in Edta
Platelet satellitosis - ✔✔platelets surround neutrophils, artifact due to EDTA
Platelet satellitosis - ✔✔Associated with false decrease automated platelet count
Use Sodium citrate - ✔✔Ac for when there is Platelet satellitosis
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
, 4|Page
Sodium citrate - ✔✔Action is to binds calcium and form SOLUBLE complex
Sodium citrate - ✔✔Ac choice for coagulation studies
Preserves all clotting factors
9:1 - ✔✔Ratio of blood to anticoagulant (Sodium citrate for coagulation)
Sodium citrate (Black top) - ✔✔Anticoagulant for Standard Westergren
4:1 - ✔✔Ratio of blood to anticoagulant (Sodium citrate- black top)
3.2% (0.105M to 0.109M) - ✔✔Conc of Sod citrate for Coagulation studies
3.8% (0.129M) - ✔✔Conc of Sod citrate for Standard Wstergreen
Sodium citrate black top- 3.8% (0.129M) - ✔✔Not recommended in coagulation studies because it can
cause falsely prolonged coagulation results
Sodium citrate black top- 3.8% (0.129M) - ✔✔The most preferred anticoagulant for ESR testing
prolonged PT and PTT due to excess citrate in plasma - ✔✔Underfilling/excess citrate/short draw of the
tube can cause
Polycythemia vera - ✔✔condition characterized by too many erythrocytes; blood becomes too thick to
flow easily through blood vessels
true - ✔✔Dehydration affects plasma. T or F?
PROLONGED - ✔✔Polycythemic patient may have ______ coagulation test result
Insoluble - ✔✔Oxalate is an anticoagulant that binds to calcium to form ______ calcium oxalate
Potassium oxalate - ✔✔The most common oxalate that prevents coagulation by precipitating calcium
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
