NUR-2115 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Respiration #1 goal is to....
______________ the tissues through
______________, ____________, and _______________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-Oxygenate
ventilation
perfusion
diffusion
For adequate ventilation to occur the interpleural pressure needs to be _____________ to expand the
lung.
The V/Q ratio is _______________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-Negative
1:1
Respiratory Failure:
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?
-Inadequate ventilation: Low O2 & High CO2
-Thoracic pressure change inadequate, mechanical abnormality (Kyphosis, COPD, Pneumothorax)
-Defect in Respiratory control center (CNS dysfunction, Drug OD)
-Impaired muscular function (Neuromuscular diseases, spinal cord injury) - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Ventilation
Respiratory Failure:
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?
-Ventilation adequate
-Decreased lung perfusion (Right to left shunt, pulmonary embolism)
-Hemorrhagic shock
-Abnormal Hgb (Doesn't bind to O2, Carbon monoxide poisoning)
,-Abnormal aveolar-capillary unit (Pulmonary edema, silent unit- ARDs) - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Oxygenation
Respiratory Failure-- Clinical Manifestations:
-Hallmark sign: _______________
-Limited chest expansion, abnormal sounds
-Confusion, grunting, nasal flaring, sternal retractions
-PaO2 <50 =__________
-PaCO2 >50=__________
-pH <7.35=___________
-SPO2 <90%=__________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-SOB
hypoxemia
hypercapnia
acidosis
hypoxia
Normal ABG Values:
PaO2: ________
PCO2:________
HCO3:_______
pH:________
HCO3 and CO2 are both outside of normal ranges= ___________
Full= pH within norms
Partial= pH not within norms - VERIFIED ANSWER-80-100
35-45
22-26
7.35-7.45
compensated
,What are the ABG results?
pH <7.35
PO2 <80
PCO2 35-45
HCO3 <22 - VERIFIED ANSWER-Uncompensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia
What are the ABG results?
pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35
PO2 90-100
PCO2 >45
HCO3 >30 - VERIFIED ANSWER-Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
What are the ABG results?
pH >7.45
PO2 80-100
PCO2 >45
HCO3 > 26 - VERIFIED ANSWER-Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
What are the ABG results?
pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35
PO2 <80
PCO2 <35
HCO3 <22 - VERIFIED ANSWER-Compensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia
Indications for Mechanical Ventilation with Respiratory Failure:
PaO2: ______________
PCO2: _____________
pH:___________
Vital Capacity: ___________
, Neg. Inspiratory Force:____________
FEV1:___________________
-Apnea or bradypnea
-Respiratory distress with confusion
-Increased WOB not relieved by interventions
-Confusion with need to protect airway
-Circulatory shock - VERIFIED ANSWER-<50
>50
<7.35
<10
<25
<10
Type of Ventilator:
-Noninvasive
- (-) pressure forces air in
-Used for neuromuscular disorders
-Example: Iron lung, Chest cuirass - VERIFIED ANSWER-Negative pressure ventilator
Type of Ventilator:
-Invasive-- needs endotracheal tube
-Inflates lungs by exerting (+) pressure
-Pushes air in and forces aveoli to expand during inspiration
-Expiration occurs passively
-Example: Pressure cycled, volume cycled, high-frequency oscillary support - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Positive pressure ventilator
Positive Pressure Ventilators:
Pushes air in until pressure is met?
CORRECT ANSWERS
Respiration #1 goal is to....
______________ the tissues through
______________, ____________, and _______________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-Oxygenate
ventilation
perfusion
diffusion
For adequate ventilation to occur the interpleural pressure needs to be _____________ to expand the
lung.
The V/Q ratio is _______________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-Negative
1:1
Respiratory Failure:
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?
-Inadequate ventilation: Low O2 & High CO2
-Thoracic pressure change inadequate, mechanical abnormality (Kyphosis, COPD, Pneumothorax)
-Defect in Respiratory control center (CNS dysfunction, Drug OD)
-Impaired muscular function (Neuromuscular diseases, spinal cord injury) - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Ventilation
Respiratory Failure:
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?
-Ventilation adequate
-Decreased lung perfusion (Right to left shunt, pulmonary embolism)
-Hemorrhagic shock
-Abnormal Hgb (Doesn't bind to O2, Carbon monoxide poisoning)
,-Abnormal aveolar-capillary unit (Pulmonary edema, silent unit- ARDs) - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Oxygenation
Respiratory Failure-- Clinical Manifestations:
-Hallmark sign: _______________
-Limited chest expansion, abnormal sounds
-Confusion, grunting, nasal flaring, sternal retractions
-PaO2 <50 =__________
-PaCO2 >50=__________
-pH <7.35=___________
-SPO2 <90%=__________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-SOB
hypoxemia
hypercapnia
acidosis
hypoxia
Normal ABG Values:
PaO2: ________
PCO2:________
HCO3:_______
pH:________
HCO3 and CO2 are both outside of normal ranges= ___________
Full= pH within norms
Partial= pH not within norms - VERIFIED ANSWER-80-100
35-45
22-26
7.35-7.45
compensated
,What are the ABG results?
pH <7.35
PO2 <80
PCO2 35-45
HCO3 <22 - VERIFIED ANSWER-Uncompensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia
What are the ABG results?
pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35
PO2 90-100
PCO2 >45
HCO3 >30 - VERIFIED ANSWER-Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
What are the ABG results?
pH >7.45
PO2 80-100
PCO2 >45
HCO3 > 26 - VERIFIED ANSWER-Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
What are the ABG results?
pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35
PO2 <80
PCO2 <35
HCO3 <22 - VERIFIED ANSWER-Compensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia
Indications for Mechanical Ventilation with Respiratory Failure:
PaO2: ______________
PCO2: _____________
pH:___________
Vital Capacity: ___________
, Neg. Inspiratory Force:____________
FEV1:___________________
-Apnea or bradypnea
-Respiratory distress with confusion
-Increased WOB not relieved by interventions
-Confusion with need to protect airway
-Circulatory shock - VERIFIED ANSWER-<50
>50
<7.35
<10
<25
<10
Type of Ventilator:
-Noninvasive
- (-) pressure forces air in
-Used for neuromuscular disorders
-Example: Iron lung, Chest cuirass - VERIFIED ANSWER-Negative pressure ventilator
Type of Ventilator:
-Invasive-- needs endotracheal tube
-Inflates lungs by exerting (+) pressure
-Pushes air in and forces aveoli to expand during inspiration
-Expiration occurs passively
-Example: Pressure cycled, volume cycled, high-frequency oscillary support - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Positive pressure ventilator
Positive Pressure Ventilators:
Pushes air in until pressure is met?
