2024/2025 BIOS 252 FINAL EXAM
REVIEW WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the three types of muscle tissue? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth
What is an EPSP? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Graded potential leads
to membrane becoming LESS negative, leading to an action
potential if cell membrane reaches -55mV
What is an IPSP? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Graded potential
leading to membrane become MORE negative (hyperpolarized),
inhibiting an action potential
What are characteristics of skeletal muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Striated, voluntary, multinucleated, somatic
nervous system control
What are characteristics of smooth muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Non-striated, involuntary, uninucleated, autonomic
nervous control
What are characteristics of cardiac muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Striated, branching, uninucleated, involuntary,
autonomic nervous control, intercalated discs (gap junctions)
,What is depolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Sodium (Na)
rushes into the cell, making it more positive
What is repolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Potassium (K)
leaves the cell
What is hyperpolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Too much
Potassium (K) leaves the cell
What is the thick filament? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Myosin
What is the thin filament? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Actin
What are mediating proteins of muscle tissue? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Troponin and Tropomyosin
What does Calcium bind to? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Troponin
Where does Calcium come from? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
When Calcium binds to Troponin, what happens? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- There is a confirmational change wherein Troponin
moves Tropomyosin away so that Myosin can bind to Actin
, What are characteristics of all muscles? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Electrical excitability, extensibility, elasticity, contractility
What are the three meninges from outer to inner, including
spaces? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater,
Subarachnoid Space (where CSF is found), Pia Mater (directly
attached to spinal cord and brain)
What is the filum terminale? - CORRECT ANSWERS- An
extension of the Pia Mater which attaches the spinal cord to
coccygeal segment
What is an isometric contraction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Length of muscle does not change, but tension does
What is an isotonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Length
of muscle changes, but tension does not
What is a concentric isotonic contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Muscle shortens
What is an eccentric isotonic contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Muscle lengthens
What is an agonist? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Prime mover
What is an antagonist? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Opposes action
of the prime mover
REVIEW WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the three types of muscle tissue? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth
What is an EPSP? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Graded potential leads
to membrane becoming LESS negative, leading to an action
potential if cell membrane reaches -55mV
What is an IPSP? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Graded potential
leading to membrane become MORE negative (hyperpolarized),
inhibiting an action potential
What are characteristics of skeletal muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Striated, voluntary, multinucleated, somatic
nervous system control
What are characteristics of smooth muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Non-striated, involuntary, uninucleated, autonomic
nervous control
What are characteristics of cardiac muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Striated, branching, uninucleated, involuntary,
autonomic nervous control, intercalated discs (gap junctions)
,What is depolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Sodium (Na)
rushes into the cell, making it more positive
What is repolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Potassium (K)
leaves the cell
What is hyperpolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Too much
Potassium (K) leaves the cell
What is the thick filament? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Myosin
What is the thin filament? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Actin
What are mediating proteins of muscle tissue? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Troponin and Tropomyosin
What does Calcium bind to? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Troponin
Where does Calcium come from? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
When Calcium binds to Troponin, what happens? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- There is a confirmational change wherein Troponin
moves Tropomyosin away so that Myosin can bind to Actin
, What are characteristics of all muscles? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Electrical excitability, extensibility, elasticity, contractility
What are the three meninges from outer to inner, including
spaces? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater,
Subarachnoid Space (where CSF is found), Pia Mater (directly
attached to spinal cord and brain)
What is the filum terminale? - CORRECT ANSWERS- An
extension of the Pia Mater which attaches the spinal cord to
coccygeal segment
What is an isometric contraction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Length of muscle does not change, but tension does
What is an isotonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Length
of muscle changes, but tension does not
What is a concentric isotonic contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Muscle shortens
What is an eccentric isotonic contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Muscle lengthens
What is an agonist? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Prime mover
What is an antagonist? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Opposes action
of the prime mover
