Solution Manual for V V
Statistics for Nursing Res
V V V S
earch A Workbook for Evi
V V V V
S dence-
S Based Practice 3rd Editio
V V V S
n Susan Grove Daisha
V V V
,AnswerVGuidelinesVforVQuestionsVtoVBeVGraded
Measurement: Nominal,
V
V
V V
V
1
TheS questionsS areS inS boldS followedS byS answers.
1. InSTableS1,SidentifyStheSlevelS ofSmeasurementS forSStheSScurrentSStherapySSvariable.SS PrSovid
eS aSrationaleS forS yourS answer.
Answer:STheScurrentS therapySSvariableSwasSmeasuredSSatSStheSSnominalS level.STheseSdrugS cSat
egoriesSwereSprobablySdevelopedStoSbeSexhaustiveSforSthisSstudySSandSSincludedSStheSScateSgorie
sSofSdrugsStheSsubjectsSwereSSreceiving.SSHowever,SStheSScategoriesSSareSSnotSSexclusive,SsinceSp
atientsS areSusuallySonSmoreSthanSoneSS categorySS ofSStheseSS drugsSStoSSmanageSStheirSShSealthSpro
blems.STheScurrentStherapiesS areS notS measuredS atS theS ordinalS levelS becauseS theyScannotSbeS
rankSSordered,SSsinceSSnoSSdrugSScategorySScanSSbeSSconsideredSSmoreSSorSSlessSSbenefiScialSthanS a
notherS drugS categoryS(seeS FigureS 1-1;S GroveS &S Gray,S 2019).
2. WhatSisStheS modeSforStheScurrentSStherapySSvariableSSinSSthisSSstudy?SS ProvideSSaSSratioSnal
eS forS yourS answer.
Answer:STheS modeS forS currentS therapyS wasS βS blocker.S AS totalS ofS 100S (94%)S ofS theS cardiacS patieSnt
s
wereS receivingS thisS categoryS ofSS drug,SS whichSS wasSS theSS mostSS commonSS prescribedSS drugSS forSS tShi
sS sample.
3. WhatSstatisticsSwereS conductedSStoSdescribeStheS BMISofStheSScardiacSpatientsSinS thisSsam
ple?SDiscussSwhetherStheseSSanalysisSStechniquesSSwereSSappropriateSSorSSinappropriSate.
Answer:SBMISwasSdescribedSwithSaSmeanSandSstandardSdeviationS(SD).SBMISmeasurementSresul
tedSinSratio-
levelSdataSwithScontinuousSvaluesSandSanSSabsoluteSSzeroSS(StoneSS&SSFrazier,SS2017).SSRatio-
SlevelSdata SSshould SSbeSSanalyzed SSwithSS parametric SSstatistics SSsuch SSasSStheSSmeanSSandSSSDS(GroS
veS &SSGray,S 2017;S Knapp,S 2017).
4. ResearchersS usedStheSfollowingSitemStoSmeasureSregisteredSnurses’S(RNs)S incomeS inS aSstudy
:S WhatScategorySidentifiesSyourScurrentSincomeSasSanSRN?
a.S LessS thanS $50,000
b.S $50,000 to 59,999
c.S $60,000 to 69,999
d.S $70,000 to 80,000
e.S $80,000 or greater
WhatSlevelS ofSSmeasurementSSisSSthisSSincomeSSvariable?SSDoesSStheSSincomeSSvariableSSfolloS
wS theSrulesS outlinedSinSFigureS 1-1?S ProvideSaS rationaleS forS yourS answer.
Answer:SInSthisSexample,StheSincomeSvariableSisSmeasuredSatStheSordinalS level.S TheS incomeScatego
-
riesS areS exhaustive,S rangingS fromS lessS thanS $50,000S toS greaterS thanS $80,000.S TheS twoS opSen-
ended
,AGS 1-1
, AGS 1-2 AnswerS GuidelinesS forS QuestionsS toS BeS Graded
categoriesS ensureS thatS allS salaryS levelsS areS covered.S TheS categoriesS areS notS exclusive,S sincS
eS catego-
riesSS(d)SS andSS(e)SSincludeSSanSS$80,000SSsalary,SSsoSSstudySS participantsSSmakingSS $80,000SSmighS
tSmarkSeitherS(d)S orSS(e)SS orSSbothSScategories,SS resultingSSinSSerroneousSSdata.SS CategorySS(e)SScSoul
dSbeSchangedSS toSSgreaterSSthanSS$80,000,SSmakingSStheSScategoriesSSexclusive.SS TheSScategorSiesSc
anSSbeSSrankSSorderedSSfromSStheSSlowestSSsalarySStoSStheSShighestSSsalary,SS whichSSisSSconsisteSntS wi
thS ordinalS dataS(GroveS &S Gray,S 2019;S WaltzS etS al.,S 2017).
5. WhatS levelS ofS measurementS isS theS CDSS score?S ProvideS aS rationaleS forS yourS answer.
SAnswer: S The SS CDS SS score SS isSS atSS theSS intervalSS levelSS of SS measurement. SS The SS CDS SS isSS aSS 26-
Sitem SS Likert SS scaleSSdeveloped SS toSS measure SS depression SS inSS cardiac SS patients. SS StudySS participan
tSsSratedS theirS symp-
tomsSonSaSscaleSofS 1StoS7,SwithShigherSnumbersSindicatingSincreasedSseveritySinStheSdepress
ionS symptoms.S TheStotalSscoresSforS eachSsubjectS obtainedSfromSthisS multi-
itemSscaleSSareSSconsideredSStoSSbeSSatSStheSSintervalSSlevelSSofSSmeasurementSS(GraySSetSSal.,SS2017
;SWaltzSSetSSal.,SS2017).
5.SWereSnonparametricSorSparametricSanalysisStechniquesSSusedSStoSSanalyzeSStheSSCDSSSscS
oresS forStheScardiacSpatientsSinSthisSstudy?S ProvideS aSrationaleSSforSSyourSSanswer.SAns
wer:S ParametricSstatistics,SsuchSasSmeanSandSSSD,SSwereSSconductedSStoSSdescribeSS CDSSscores
forS studyS participantsS (seeS TableS 1).S CDSS scoresS areS interval-
levelSdataSasSindicatedSinSQuestionsSS5,SSsoSSparametricSSstatisticsSSareSSappropriateSSforSSthisSSleS
velS ofS dataS(GraySetS al.,S 2017;S KimS &S Mallory,S 2017).
7. IsStheS prevalenceSofS depressionSlinkedStoStheS NYHASclass?S DiscussStheSclinicalSimSportanc
eS ofS thisS result.
Answer:S TheSstudySSnarrativeSSindicatedSSthatSStheSSprevalenceSSofSSdepressionSSincreasedSSwithSth
eSgreaterS NYHAS class.S InS NYHAS classS III,S 64%S ofS theS subjectsS wereS depressed,S whereSas
S 11% S of S theS subjects S were S depressed S inS NYHA S class S I. S Thus, S asS theS NYHAS class S incr S
eas
ed,S theS numberS ofS sub-
jectsS withS depressionS increased.S ThisS isS anS expectedS findingS becauseS asS theS NYHAS classSincr
eases,S cardiacS patientsS haveS moreS severeS physicalS symptoms,S whichS usuallyS resultS inSemotio
nalSdistress,S suchS asSdepression.S NursesS needStoS activelyS assessS cardiacS patientsS forSdepression,
S especiallyS thoseS inS higherS NYHAS classes,S soS theyS mightS beS diagnosedSSSandStreatedS asS n
eeded.
8. WhatSfrequencySandSpercentSSofSScardiacSSpatientsSSinSSthisSSstudySSwereSSnotSSbeingSStreaSte
dSwithSanSantidepressant?SShowSyourScalculationsSandSroundSyourSanswerStoSStheSnearestS
wholeS percentS (%).
Answer:S AS totalS ofS 106S cardiacS patientsS participatedS inSS thisSS study.SS TheSS sampleSS incSlude
d
15SSpatientsSSwhoSSwereSSreceivingSSSanSSSantidepressantSSS(seeSSSTableSSS1).SSSTheSSSnumbSe
rS ofS cardiacS patientsS notS treatedS forS depressionS wasS 91S (106S –
15S =S 91).S TheS groupS percentS isS calculatedSS bySS theSS followingSS formula:SS (groupSS frequSenc
yS ÷S totalS sampleSS size)SS ×S 100%.SS ForSS thisSS study,SS(91SS patientsSS ÷S 106SS sampleSS sizSe)SS×
S100% SS=S0.858SS×S100% SSS=S85.8% SSS=S86%. SSSTheSSSfinalSSanswer SSSisSSSrounded SSStoSSStS heSS nea
restSS wholeSS percentSS asSS directedSS inSS theSS question.SS YouSS couldSS haveSSalsoSSsubtracteSdStheSS
14%SS ofSS patientsSStreatedSS withSSantidepressantsSSfromSS 100%SSandSSobtainedSStheSS86%SwhoS wer
eS notStreatedS withSanS antidepressant.
t.S WhatSS wasSStheSSpurposeSSofSStheSS5-
minuteSwalkSStestSS(5MWT)?SS WouldSStheSS5MWTSS beSS usefulSSinSSclinicalSS practice?
Answer:SHaS etSSal.S (2018)S stated,S “TheS 6-
minS walkS testS (6MWT)SisS aSSmeasureSSofS theS submaximal,SSsteady-
stateSfunctionalS capacity”S ofS cardiacSpatients.S ThisStestS wouldSbeSaS quick,SeasySwaySStoSdete
rmineS aS cardiacS patient’sS functionalS statusS inS aS clinicalSS setting.SS ThisSS functionalSstatu
sSscoreS couldS beS usedS toS determineS theS treatmentS planS toS promoteS orS maintain
Statistics for Nursing Res
V V V S
earch A Workbook for Evi
V V V V
S dence-
S Based Practice 3rd Editio
V V V S
n Susan Grove Daisha
V V V
,AnswerVGuidelinesVforVQuestionsVtoVBeVGraded
Measurement: Nominal,
V
V
V V
V
1
TheS questionsS areS inS boldS followedS byS answers.
1. InSTableS1,SidentifyStheSlevelS ofSmeasurementS forSStheSScurrentSStherapySSvariable.SS PrSovid
eS aSrationaleS forS yourS answer.
Answer:STheScurrentS therapySSvariableSwasSmeasuredSSatSStheSSnominalS level.STheseSdrugS cSat
egoriesSwereSprobablySdevelopedStoSbeSexhaustiveSforSthisSstudySSandSSincludedSStheSScateSgorie
sSofSdrugsStheSsubjectsSwereSSreceiving.SSHowever,SStheSScategoriesSSareSSnotSSexclusive,SsinceSp
atientsS areSusuallySonSmoreSthanSoneSS categorySS ofSStheseSS drugsSStoSSmanageSStheirSShSealthSpro
blems.STheScurrentStherapiesS areS notS measuredS atS theS ordinalS levelS becauseS theyScannotSbeS
rankSSordered,SSsinceSSnoSSdrugSScategorySScanSSbeSSconsideredSSmoreSSorSSlessSSbenefiScialSthanS a
notherS drugS categoryS(seeS FigureS 1-1;S GroveS &S Gray,S 2019).
2. WhatSisStheS modeSforStheScurrentSStherapySSvariableSSinSSthisSSstudy?SS ProvideSSaSSratioSnal
eS forS yourS answer.
Answer:STheS modeS forS currentS therapyS wasS βS blocker.S AS totalS ofS 100S (94%)S ofS theS cardiacS patieSnt
s
wereS receivingS thisS categoryS ofSS drug,SS whichSS wasSS theSS mostSS commonSS prescribedSS drugSS forSS tShi
sS sample.
3. WhatSstatisticsSwereS conductedSStoSdescribeStheS BMISofStheSScardiacSpatientsSinS thisSsam
ple?SDiscussSwhetherStheseSSanalysisSStechniquesSSwereSSappropriateSSorSSinappropriSate.
Answer:SBMISwasSdescribedSwithSaSmeanSandSstandardSdeviationS(SD).SBMISmeasurementSresul
tedSinSratio-
levelSdataSwithScontinuousSvaluesSandSanSSabsoluteSSzeroSS(StoneSS&SSFrazier,SS2017).SSRatio-
SlevelSdata SSshould SSbeSSanalyzed SSwithSS parametric SSstatistics SSsuch SSasSStheSSmeanSSandSSSDS(GroS
veS &SSGray,S 2017;S Knapp,S 2017).
4. ResearchersS usedStheSfollowingSitemStoSmeasureSregisteredSnurses’S(RNs)S incomeS inS aSstudy
:S WhatScategorySidentifiesSyourScurrentSincomeSasSanSRN?
a.S LessS thanS $50,000
b.S $50,000 to 59,999
c.S $60,000 to 69,999
d.S $70,000 to 80,000
e.S $80,000 or greater
WhatSlevelS ofSSmeasurementSSisSSthisSSincomeSSvariable?SSDoesSStheSSincomeSSvariableSSfolloS
wS theSrulesS outlinedSinSFigureS 1-1?S ProvideSaS rationaleS forS yourS answer.
Answer:SInSthisSexample,StheSincomeSvariableSisSmeasuredSatStheSordinalS level.S TheS incomeScatego
-
riesS areS exhaustive,S rangingS fromS lessS thanS $50,000S toS greaterS thanS $80,000.S TheS twoS opSen-
ended
,AGS 1-1
, AGS 1-2 AnswerS GuidelinesS forS QuestionsS toS BeS Graded
categoriesS ensureS thatS allS salaryS levelsS areS covered.S TheS categoriesS areS notS exclusive,S sincS
eS catego-
riesSS(d)SS andSS(e)SSincludeSSanSS$80,000SSsalary,SSsoSSstudySS participantsSSmakingSS $80,000SSmighS
tSmarkSeitherS(d)S orSS(e)SS orSSbothSScategories,SS resultingSSinSSerroneousSSdata.SS CategorySS(e)SScSoul
dSbeSchangedSS toSSgreaterSSthanSS$80,000,SSmakingSStheSScategoriesSSexclusive.SS TheSScategorSiesSc
anSSbeSSrankSSorderedSSfromSStheSSlowestSSsalarySStoSStheSShighestSSsalary,SS whichSSisSSconsisteSntS wi
thS ordinalS dataS(GroveS &S Gray,S 2019;S WaltzS etS al.,S 2017).
5. WhatS levelS ofS measurementS isS theS CDSS score?S ProvideS aS rationaleS forS yourS answer.
SAnswer: S The SS CDS SS score SS isSS atSS theSS intervalSS levelSS of SS measurement. SS The SS CDS SS isSS aSS 26-
Sitem SS Likert SS scaleSSdeveloped SS toSS measure SS depression SS inSS cardiac SS patients. SS StudySS participan
tSsSratedS theirS symp-
tomsSonSaSscaleSofS 1StoS7,SwithShigherSnumbersSindicatingSincreasedSseveritySinStheSdepress
ionS symptoms.S TheStotalSscoresSforS eachSsubjectS obtainedSfromSthisS multi-
itemSscaleSSareSSconsideredSStoSSbeSSatSStheSSintervalSSlevelSSofSSmeasurementSS(GraySSetSSal.,SS2017
;SWaltzSSetSSal.,SS2017).
5.SWereSnonparametricSorSparametricSanalysisStechniquesSSusedSStoSSanalyzeSStheSSCDSSSscS
oresS forStheScardiacSpatientsSinSthisSstudy?S ProvideS aSrationaleSSforSSyourSSanswer.SAns
wer:S ParametricSstatistics,SsuchSasSmeanSandSSSD,SSwereSSconductedSStoSSdescribeSS CDSSscores
forS studyS participantsS (seeS TableS 1).S CDSS scoresS areS interval-
levelSdataSasSindicatedSinSQuestionsSS5,SSsoSSparametricSSstatisticsSSareSSappropriateSSforSSthisSSleS
velS ofS dataS(GraySetS al.,S 2017;S KimS &S Mallory,S 2017).
7. IsStheS prevalenceSofS depressionSlinkedStoStheS NYHASclass?S DiscussStheSclinicalSimSportanc
eS ofS thisS result.
Answer:S TheSstudySSnarrativeSSindicatedSSthatSStheSSprevalenceSSofSSdepressionSSincreasedSSwithSth
eSgreaterS NYHAS class.S InS NYHAS classS III,S 64%S ofS theS subjectsS wereS depressed,S whereSas
S 11% S of S theS subjects S were S depressed S inS NYHA S class S I. S Thus, S asS theS NYHAS class S incr S
eas
ed,S theS numberS ofS sub-
jectsS withS depressionS increased.S ThisS isS anS expectedS findingS becauseS asS theS NYHAS classSincr
eases,S cardiacS patientsS haveS moreS severeS physicalS symptoms,S whichS usuallyS resultS inSemotio
nalSdistress,S suchS asSdepression.S NursesS needStoS activelyS assessS cardiacS patientsS forSdepression,
S especiallyS thoseS inS higherS NYHAS classes,S soS theyS mightS beS diagnosedSSSandStreatedS asS n
eeded.
8. WhatSfrequencySandSpercentSSofSScardiacSSpatientsSSinSSthisSSstudySSwereSSnotSSbeingSStreaSte
dSwithSanSantidepressant?SShowSyourScalculationsSandSroundSyourSanswerStoSStheSnearestS
wholeS percentS (%).
Answer:S AS totalS ofS 106S cardiacS patientsS participatedS inSS thisSS study.SS TheSS sampleSS incSlude
d
15SSpatientsSSwhoSSwereSSreceivingSSSanSSSantidepressantSSS(seeSSSTableSSS1).SSSTheSSSnumbSe
rS ofS cardiacS patientsS notS treatedS forS depressionS wasS 91S (106S –
15S =S 91).S TheS groupS percentS isS calculatedSS bySS theSS followingSS formula:SS (groupSS frequSenc
yS ÷S totalS sampleSS size)SS ×S 100%.SS ForSS thisSS study,SS(91SS patientsSS ÷S 106SS sampleSS sizSe)SS×
S100% SS=S0.858SS×S100% SSS=S85.8% SSS=S86%. SSSTheSSSfinalSSanswer SSSisSSSrounded SSStoSSStS heSS nea
restSS wholeSS percentSS asSS directedSS inSS theSS question.SS YouSS couldSS haveSSalsoSSsubtracteSdStheSS
14%SS ofSS patientsSStreatedSS withSSantidepressantsSSfromSS 100%SSandSSobtainedSStheSS86%SwhoS wer
eS notStreatedS withSanS antidepressant.
t.S WhatSS wasSStheSSpurposeSSofSStheSS5-
minuteSwalkSStestSS(5MWT)?SS WouldSStheSS5MWTSS beSS usefulSSinSSclinicalSS practice?
Answer:SHaS etSSal.S (2018)S stated,S “TheS 6-
minS walkS testS (6MWT)SisS aSSmeasureSSofS theS submaximal,SSsteady-
stateSfunctionalS capacity”S ofS cardiacSpatients.S ThisStestS wouldSbeSaS quick,SeasySwaySStoSdete
rmineS aS cardiacS patient’sS functionalS statusS inS aS clinicalSS setting.SS ThisSS functionalSstatu
sSscoreS couldS beS usedS toS determineS theS treatmentS planS toS promoteS orS maintain
