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Physical Security - ✔✔social contract should protect the right to life (Thomas Hobbes)
Quality of Life - ✔✔People have rights from god that the government cannot take away. The social
contract should protect life, liberty, and property. (John Locke)
Freedom of Choice - ✔✔You cannot be "forced to be free" and it should protect liberty (Jean-Jacques
Rousseau)
State of Nature - ✔✔How people may have lived before societies came into existence
Natural Rights - ✔✔"Basic human rights" we choose how we want to live
Sovereignty - ✔✔A person who has supreme power/authority
Consensual political rule - ✔✔People consent the government to make rules to follow-allowing the
government to tell you what you can and can't do
Areas of the Constitution influenced by the Enlightenment - ✔✔John Locke's natural rights,
Rousseau's social contract in article 1 section 2 clause 1.
The separation of powers is found in articles 1,2 and 3.
Enlightenment influence on bill of rights - ✔✔Society and government are created to protect and advance
natural rights.
Enlightenment influence on Deceleration of Independence - ✔✔Fundamental natural rights are life,
liberty, and property to which we are individually and equally entitled.
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,Primary goals of the Articles of Confederation. - ✔✔Limit the national government's power, which in
return provides greater state sovereignty.
Structure of Government under the Articles of Confederation - ✔✔unicameral congress=1
chamber;confederation
each state had only one vote in Congress
The central government was weaker than the states
Powers of government under Articles of Confederation - ✔✔Borrow and coin money,
Declare war,
Make treaties,
Alliance with other nations,
Regulate trade with Native Americans, and
Settle disputes among other states.
Weakness of Article of Confederations - ✔✔No power to tact or interstate commerce or regulate trade.
They could only request money from the state., No national army or navy., No Judicial or executive
branches., Each state had one vote regardless of the size of congress; The articles could not be changed
without a unanimous vote to do so.
New Jersey Plan - ✔✔Unicameral (one vote per state),
State-based (Each state is equally represented),
Small states are given the same power as the more significant states in the national legislature,
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, Legislature gave all states one vote each regardless of the population size.
Virginia Plan - ✔✔Bicameral,
population based,
larger states would have more power than small states and the national legislature,
Legislature in what states receive representation based on their population.
Major compromises of the constitutional convention - ✔✔Bicameral Legislature=senate and house reps
Two senators regardless of size representation
representation in the house would be based upon population
elected members of the house=2 years in office
appointed to the senate by each state political elite would serve a term of 6 years
Three-Fifths Compromise - ✔✔Satisfied the concerns of the South's concerns over counting their slave
population by allowing 60% of the slave population to be counted for State representation and tax
purposes. Five slaves=3votes
Checks and Balances - ✔✔A system that allows each government branch to limit the other branches'
power to prevent abuse of power.
Separation of Powers - ✔✔The government is separated into three branches: legislative, executive, and
judicial.
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