PALS 2024 EXAM WITH ANSWERS

1 rescue breath every ...... - answer-3-5 seconds 1-rescuer infant cpr - answer-30:2 1-rescuer pediatric cpr - answer-30:2 2 rescuer infant cpr - answer-15:2 6 person high-performance teams members - answer-1. Compressor 2. Aed/monitor defibrillator 3. Airway 4. Team leader 5. Iv/io/medications 6. Timer/recorder Abnormal respiratory effort - answer-- nasal flaring - retractions or use of accessory muscles - increased, inadequate, or absent respiratory effort Abnormal skin color - answer-- pallor - mottling - cyanosis Acidosis - answer-ph under 7.35 Alkalosis - answer-ph above 7.45 Amiodarone - answer-- antiarrhytmics - may be used for shock-refractory vf or pvt Apperance - answer-use ticls; try to keep child calm Asystole - answer- Atropine - answer-- bradycardia Calcium - answer-- use in cardiac arrest not recommended - ionized hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia Central apnea - answer-no respiratory effort because of an abnormaility or suppression of the brain or spinal cord Circulation - answer-general color Disability - answer-neurologic function Early signs of tissue hypoxia - answer-- tachypnea - increased respiratory effort: nasal flaring, retractions - tachycardia - agitation, anxiety, irritability Epinephrine - answer-- used for cardiac arrest associated with vf/pvt as well as asystole/pea - vasopressors Exposure - answer-undress the child observe childs skin High-flow oxygen devices - answer-nonrebreathing mask wit reservoir, high-flow nasal cannula Hypercarbia - answer-high paco2 Hypercarbia - answer-increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream. Hypotension in children 1-10 years - answer-70 + (age in years x 2) Hypoxemia - answer-deficient amount of oxygen in the blood Hypoxemia - answer-low pao2 If heart rate is under 60 bpm with signs of poor perfusion despite adequate oxygenation and ventilation - answer-provide chest compressions and ventilation Joueles for first shock - answer-2 j/kg Jouels for second shock - answer-4 j/kg Late signs of tissue hypoxia - answer-- bradypnea, inadequate respiratory effort, apnea - increased respiratory effort: head bobbing, seesaw respirations, gruntins - decreased loc Lidocaine - answer-- antiarrhytmics - may be used for shock-refractory vf or pvt Low-flow oxygen devices - answer-nasal cannula, simple oxygen mask Lung compliance - answer-change in lung volume produced by a change in driving pressure across the lung Magnesium sulfate - answer-- antiarrhytmics - treatment of torsades de pointes - used for hypomagnesemia Mild head injury - answer-gcs score of 13-15 Mixed apnea - answer-periods of obstructive apnea and periods of central apnea Moderate head injury - answer-gcs score of 9-12 Normal adolescent hr - answer-60-100 Normal infant hr - answer-100-180 Normal nenonate hr - answer-100-205 Normal preschooler hr - answer-80-120 Normal respiratory rate adolsecent - answer-12-20 Normal respiratory rate infant - answer-30-53 per minute Normal respiratory rate preschooler - answer-20-28 Normal respiratory rate school-age child - answer-18-25 Normal respiratory rate toddler - answer-22-37 Normal school-age child hr - answer-75-118 Normal toddler hr - answer-98-140 Obstructive apnea - answer-inspiratory effort without airflow Pediatric assessment triangle - answer-appearance, work of breathing and circulation to the skin. Petechiae - answer-small, pinpoint hemorrhages Primary assessment - answer-a- airway B - breathing C - circulation D - disablity E- exposure Pulse check on a infant during cpr: - answer-brachial Pulseless electrical activity (pea) - answer- Pulsless ventricular tachycardia - answer- Purpura - answer-the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin Respiratory distress - answer-increased respiratory rate, effort, and work of breathing