Nucleic acid forms - ANSWER DNA
RNA
DNA function - ANSWER stores genetic information
Instructions to direct synthesis of DNA and RNA
RNA function - ANSWER mRNA (messenger) direct protein synthesis
Stores genetic info in viruses
Makes up 2/3 of ribosomes which catalyze translation and splice
tRNA (transfer) transports amino acids
Nucleotide - ANSWER Nucleoside (base and pentose) + phosphate
Building blocks of DNA
Held together by phosphodiester bonds
Adenine structure - ANSWER Purine
Deoxyadenosine
Guanine structure - ANSWER Purine
Deoxyguanosine
Cytosine structure - ANSWER pyrimidine
Deoxycytidine
Thymine structure - ANSWER pyrimidine
Deoxythymidine
Nucleotides charged - ANSWER A: pKa-3.5 so neutral
G,T,U: pKa- 9.4, 9.7, 9.3 so neutral
Base aromaticity - ANSWER Mostly planar
Resonance allows for absorbable if UV, important for quantification
, H Bond potential - ANSWER G and C have more potential H bond
acceptors and donors
- 3 h bonds
Base nomenclature numbering - ANSWER
Phosphate - ANSWER pKa-0 so negatively charged at natural pH
Pentose nomenclature - ANSWER Use ' to differentiate base numbers
Difference at 2' determines DNA and RNA:
2' OH - RNA
2' H - DNA
Pentose flexibility - ANSWER Not planar, has puckering conformations
5' location determines name:
same side- endo
opposite side- exo
DNA nomenclature - ANSWER When modification is:
On ring- name position and modification type
Exocyclic- identify position and modification type
heritable phenotype - ANSWER Can result from change in
chromosome without altering DNA sequence
Result of environment or inherited
Can change how DNA is read changing development, disease,
physiology, and psychiatry
Post-synthesis modification - ANSWER Both DNA and RNA
RNA has more, especially on non coding regions (tRNA, rRNA)
Can have unusual ribose-base connections
DNA and RNA structure - ANSWER 5' and 3' ends
Phosphate makes backbone negative
Sugar and phosphate hydrophilic
Bases hydrophobic
RNA
DNA function - ANSWER stores genetic information
Instructions to direct synthesis of DNA and RNA
RNA function - ANSWER mRNA (messenger) direct protein synthesis
Stores genetic info in viruses
Makes up 2/3 of ribosomes which catalyze translation and splice
tRNA (transfer) transports amino acids
Nucleotide - ANSWER Nucleoside (base and pentose) + phosphate
Building blocks of DNA
Held together by phosphodiester bonds
Adenine structure - ANSWER Purine
Deoxyadenosine
Guanine structure - ANSWER Purine
Deoxyguanosine
Cytosine structure - ANSWER pyrimidine
Deoxycytidine
Thymine structure - ANSWER pyrimidine
Deoxythymidine
Nucleotides charged - ANSWER A: pKa-3.5 so neutral
G,T,U: pKa- 9.4, 9.7, 9.3 so neutral
Base aromaticity - ANSWER Mostly planar
Resonance allows for absorbable if UV, important for quantification
, H Bond potential - ANSWER G and C have more potential H bond
acceptors and donors
- 3 h bonds
Base nomenclature numbering - ANSWER
Phosphate - ANSWER pKa-0 so negatively charged at natural pH
Pentose nomenclature - ANSWER Use ' to differentiate base numbers
Difference at 2' determines DNA and RNA:
2' OH - RNA
2' H - DNA
Pentose flexibility - ANSWER Not planar, has puckering conformations
5' location determines name:
same side- endo
opposite side- exo
DNA nomenclature - ANSWER When modification is:
On ring- name position and modification type
Exocyclic- identify position and modification type
heritable phenotype - ANSWER Can result from change in
chromosome without altering DNA sequence
Result of environment or inherited
Can change how DNA is read changing development, disease,
physiology, and psychiatry
Post-synthesis modification - ANSWER Both DNA and RNA
RNA has more, especially on non coding regions (tRNA, rRNA)
Can have unusual ribose-base connections
DNA and RNA structure - ANSWER 5' and 3' ends
Phosphate makes backbone negative
Sugar and phosphate hydrophilic
Bases hydrophobic
