NSPE 7200 Module 3 Test With
Verified Solutions
What is biliary atresia? - Answer An absence or obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts,
leading to liver damage and liver failure; surgically repaired.
What is gastroenteritis? - Answer Caused by infection from virus, bacteria or parasite;
causes serious diarrhea, fluid losses and electrolyte imbalances.
What is gastroesophageal reflux? - Answer Common, may be mild or severe- severe,
causes aspiration pneumonia, emesis and failure to thrive.
What is gastroschisis? - Answer Occurs during fetal development, a portion of the
intestines are formed on the outside of the abdominal wall; surgically repaired.
What is Omphalocele? - Answer like gastroschisis, except the gut is herniated into the
umbilical cord; surgically repaired.
What is hirschprung's disease? - Answer an absence of parasympathetic innervation of
the colon, causing absence of peristalsis in the colon and obstruction; surgically
repaired.
what is intussusception? - Answer the bowel telescopes on itself, causing obstruction
and bowel necrosis; surgically repaired.
what is pyloric stenosis? - Answer the pyloric canal, or the exit of the stomach, is
narrowed causing decreased gastric emptying and eventual obstruction if not surgically
treated
What is a tracheoesophageal fistula? - Answer a fistula between the esophagus and the
trachea which allows food to enter the lungs and large amounts of air to enter the
stomach. Diagnosed early in life, surgically repaired
What is a volvulus? - Answer twisting of the bowel that causes obstruction and potential
ischemic bowel; surgically repaired.
What are some examples of pathogens that can cause gastroenteritis? - Answer
-Adenovirus
-Campylobacter
-C. diff
-E. coli
-Giardia
, -Norwalk virus
-Rotavirus
-Salmonella
-Shigella
What symptoms are associated with adenovirus? - Answer Viral; diarrhea and
respiratory symptoms; fever; more common in young children.
What symptoms are associated with campylobacter? - Answer From contaminated
shellfish (bacterial); watery diarrhea; abdominal pain/cramping.
What symptoms are associated with c. diff? - Answer Occurs after antibiotic treatment
(bacterial); diarrhea; fever at onset.
What symptoms are associated with E. coli? - Answer Most often from food (bacterial);
watery green diarrhea; fever.
What symptoms are associated with giardia? - Answer From contaminated water
(parasitic); diarrhea; abdominal distension; gas ++; no fever.
What symptoms are associated with norwalk virus? - Answer Viral; severe vomiting and
diarrhea for 3-5 days.
What symptoms are associated with rotavirus? - Answer Lasts for 1 week (viral);
vomiting and diarrhea and often respiratory symptoms; may have fever.
What symptoms are associated with salmonella? - Answer From food (bacterial); severe
diarrhea; abdominal pain and vomiting.
What symptoms are associated with shigella? - Answer Bacterial; diarrhea begins
watery then turns to bloody with mucous; lasts about 1 week; fever; abdominal pain;
headache and neck rigidity.
What are the implications of liver function immaturity at birth? - Answer -Bilirubin is
excreted in low concentrations in newborns
-Prothrombin levels in neonates are only 20-40% of adult levels- which affects clotting
-Vitamin storage is inadequate- which contributes to young children's frequent
infections
-Process of gluconeogenesis is immature
What are the implications of decreased hepatic enzyme function in young children? -
Answer Enzyme systems for biotransformation of drugs are not fully developed, which
affects drug dosing; infants and children metabolize drugs more slowly than adults, can
easily build up toxic levels of drugs
Verified Solutions
What is biliary atresia? - Answer An absence or obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts,
leading to liver damage and liver failure; surgically repaired.
What is gastroenteritis? - Answer Caused by infection from virus, bacteria or parasite;
causes serious diarrhea, fluid losses and electrolyte imbalances.
What is gastroesophageal reflux? - Answer Common, may be mild or severe- severe,
causes aspiration pneumonia, emesis and failure to thrive.
What is gastroschisis? - Answer Occurs during fetal development, a portion of the
intestines are formed on the outside of the abdominal wall; surgically repaired.
What is Omphalocele? - Answer like gastroschisis, except the gut is herniated into the
umbilical cord; surgically repaired.
What is hirschprung's disease? - Answer an absence of parasympathetic innervation of
the colon, causing absence of peristalsis in the colon and obstruction; surgically
repaired.
what is intussusception? - Answer the bowel telescopes on itself, causing obstruction
and bowel necrosis; surgically repaired.
what is pyloric stenosis? - Answer the pyloric canal, or the exit of the stomach, is
narrowed causing decreased gastric emptying and eventual obstruction if not surgically
treated
What is a tracheoesophageal fistula? - Answer a fistula between the esophagus and the
trachea which allows food to enter the lungs and large amounts of air to enter the
stomach. Diagnosed early in life, surgically repaired
What is a volvulus? - Answer twisting of the bowel that causes obstruction and potential
ischemic bowel; surgically repaired.
What are some examples of pathogens that can cause gastroenteritis? - Answer
-Adenovirus
-Campylobacter
-C. diff
-E. coli
-Giardia
, -Norwalk virus
-Rotavirus
-Salmonella
-Shigella
What symptoms are associated with adenovirus? - Answer Viral; diarrhea and
respiratory symptoms; fever; more common in young children.
What symptoms are associated with campylobacter? - Answer From contaminated
shellfish (bacterial); watery diarrhea; abdominal pain/cramping.
What symptoms are associated with c. diff? - Answer Occurs after antibiotic treatment
(bacterial); diarrhea; fever at onset.
What symptoms are associated with E. coli? - Answer Most often from food (bacterial);
watery green diarrhea; fever.
What symptoms are associated with giardia? - Answer From contaminated water
(parasitic); diarrhea; abdominal distension; gas ++; no fever.
What symptoms are associated with norwalk virus? - Answer Viral; severe vomiting and
diarrhea for 3-5 days.
What symptoms are associated with rotavirus? - Answer Lasts for 1 week (viral);
vomiting and diarrhea and often respiratory symptoms; may have fever.
What symptoms are associated with salmonella? - Answer From food (bacterial); severe
diarrhea; abdominal pain and vomiting.
What symptoms are associated with shigella? - Answer Bacterial; diarrhea begins
watery then turns to bloody with mucous; lasts about 1 week; fever; abdominal pain;
headache and neck rigidity.
What are the implications of liver function immaturity at birth? - Answer -Bilirubin is
excreted in low concentrations in newborns
-Prothrombin levels in neonates are only 20-40% of adult levels- which affects clotting
-Vitamin storage is inadequate- which contributes to young children's frequent
infections
-Process of gluconeogenesis is immature
What are the implications of decreased hepatic enzyme function in young children? -
Answer Enzyme systems for biotransformation of drugs are not fully developed, which
affects drug dosing; infants and children metabolize drugs more slowly than adults, can
easily build up toxic levels of drugs
