OT 5012 Foundations Midterm 1
Exam Study Guide
Occupational Therapy - Answer - Therapeutic use of everyday life activities
(occupations) with individuals or groups for the purpose of enhancing or enabling
participation in roles, habits, and routines in home, school, workplace, community, and
other settings
- Activities of everyday life, named, organized, and given value and meaning by an
individual and a culture. Occupation is everything people do to occupy themselves,
including looking after the themselves, enjoying life, and contributing to the social &
economic fabric of their communities
- Art & science of helping people do the day to day activities that are important &
meaningful to their health & well-being through engaging in valued occupations
Client-centered practice - Answer -Approach to service that incorporates respect for
and partnership with clients as active participants in the therapy process. This
approach emphasizes clients' knowledge and experience, strengths, capacity for
choice, and overall autonomy
- Focus on the client
- Focus on the meaning of the activity
- Relationship centered
Occupations vs. activities - Answer - All that people need, want, or obliged to do, what it
means to them, and its ever potential as an agent of health and an agent of change
- Active process of living; from the beginning to the end of life, our occupations are all
the active processes of looking after ourselves & others, enjoying life, and being socially
& economically productive over the lifespan in various contexts
- Specific chunks of activity within the ongoing stream of human behavior which are
named in the lexicon of the culture. These daily pursuits are self-initiated, goal-directed
(purposeful), and socially sanctioned.
- Everything people do to occupy themselves including looking after themselves
(self-care), enjoying themselves (leisure), and contributing to the social & economic
fabric of their communities (productivity).
- Are goal oriented
- Have meaning for the person(s) choosing them
- Occur within a specific context
,- Occupations are more than just activities. They are the activities that give lives
meaning.
- Occupations are personalized activities that hold personal meaning & requirements for
a particular person/group
- It's MORE COMPLEX than an activity
- E.g. Activity = making sandwich vs. Occupation = Lisa making a sandwich for her
daughter at home
How do occupational therapists use occupations in practice? - Answer - Occupations=
the foundation to our profession
- Use occupations (and activities) not only as our goals, but also as the means by which
we meet those goals; thus, occupations and activities are our "tools."
- OTs use occupations or meaningful activities as interventions because we understand
the greater benefit of using activities that are meaningful vs other
techniques/approaches
- Occupation can serve as both a means & ends, both a therapeutic medium and an
outcome
- Means = therapeutic medium (what we use to support therapy)
- Ends = outcome
- Engaged in process to understand what the end (outcome) needs to be
- OTs use occupations for evaluation and intervention
Evaluation - Answer Occupational therapists begin with an overt focus on
understanding the client's most relevant occupations and how satisfied the client is with
how they are performed. Occupational therapists observe occupational performance
ideally in the natural context, or as closely simulated to where, when and how the
occupation typically occurs.
Intervention - Answer Use relevant occupations as their primary means to achieve goals
related to performance. This may include using occupations to establish or remediate
client skills and body functions, promote health, or prevent dysfunction. While
participating in meaningful occupations, specific tasks might be modified to better
match the person's abilities, or aspects of the environment might be adapted for
improved occupational performance and participation.
Arts and Crafts movement - Answer - 1900: Emmanualism
- work-based approach for neurasthenia
- work cure
, - formed as a reaction against industrialization and modernism
Arts and Crafts movement impact - Answer - work cure approach in Studies in Invalid
Occupations
- first course on occupations for patients in general hospital setting
- many state mental hospitals used occupations as a regular part of treatment
- The missions and philosophies of occupational therapy and the arts-and-crafts
movement were so intertwined. Healthy individuals were drawn to the arts-and- crafts
movement because involvement with arts and crafts promised to settle nervous lives.
The occupational therapy founders creatively applied these ideas to a neglected group
of chronically disabled patients. These applications were varied and creative and
included the management of pain during recuperation, the redirection of the wandering
minds of elders, and the diversion of self-indulgent thoughts of depressives.
Moral Treatment movement - Answer In the late 18th century, moral influence became
more apparent with the treatment of persons with mental illness and resulted in more
humane treatment. There was an emerging belief that the "insane" were creatures of
reason and must be treated with compassion. This humanitarian treatment influenced
the development of therapeutic communities (OT) and the emphasis on engagement of
groups in productive activities.
Moral Treatment movement impact - Answer - also applied to physical illness b/c health
and illness were viewed as related to patient character and spiritual development
- emergence of humanitarian treatment influenced the development of therapeutic
communities and the emphasis on engagement of groups in productive activities
- influential outside of health care, in social services
- The movement introduced the idea of productive activities as a treatment for those
with mental illness. The starting of the Hull House and Henry Street Settlement, where
they helped people escape poverty and become productive, self-reliant members of
society through teaching of practical living skills, later became the basis for a
movement to use curative occupations in mental illness and influence the creation and
development of occupational therapy.
Mental Hygiene movement - Answer - 1900
- death of President William McKinley by preventable infection precursor to reform
efforts affecting general medicine and psychiatry
- reform in mental health
- let to call for more human treatment in larger mental institutions
Mental Hygiene movement impact - Answer - involved patients in the healing process
Exam Study Guide
Occupational Therapy - Answer - Therapeutic use of everyday life activities
(occupations) with individuals or groups for the purpose of enhancing or enabling
participation in roles, habits, and routines in home, school, workplace, community, and
other settings
- Activities of everyday life, named, organized, and given value and meaning by an
individual and a culture. Occupation is everything people do to occupy themselves,
including looking after the themselves, enjoying life, and contributing to the social &
economic fabric of their communities
- Art & science of helping people do the day to day activities that are important &
meaningful to their health & well-being through engaging in valued occupations
Client-centered practice - Answer -Approach to service that incorporates respect for
and partnership with clients as active participants in the therapy process. This
approach emphasizes clients' knowledge and experience, strengths, capacity for
choice, and overall autonomy
- Focus on the client
- Focus on the meaning of the activity
- Relationship centered
Occupations vs. activities - Answer - All that people need, want, or obliged to do, what it
means to them, and its ever potential as an agent of health and an agent of change
- Active process of living; from the beginning to the end of life, our occupations are all
the active processes of looking after ourselves & others, enjoying life, and being socially
& economically productive over the lifespan in various contexts
- Specific chunks of activity within the ongoing stream of human behavior which are
named in the lexicon of the culture. These daily pursuits are self-initiated, goal-directed
(purposeful), and socially sanctioned.
- Everything people do to occupy themselves including looking after themselves
(self-care), enjoying themselves (leisure), and contributing to the social & economic
fabric of their communities (productivity).
- Are goal oriented
- Have meaning for the person(s) choosing them
- Occur within a specific context
,- Occupations are more than just activities. They are the activities that give lives
meaning.
- Occupations are personalized activities that hold personal meaning & requirements for
a particular person/group
- It's MORE COMPLEX than an activity
- E.g. Activity = making sandwich vs. Occupation = Lisa making a sandwich for her
daughter at home
How do occupational therapists use occupations in practice? - Answer - Occupations=
the foundation to our profession
- Use occupations (and activities) not only as our goals, but also as the means by which
we meet those goals; thus, occupations and activities are our "tools."
- OTs use occupations or meaningful activities as interventions because we understand
the greater benefit of using activities that are meaningful vs other
techniques/approaches
- Occupation can serve as both a means & ends, both a therapeutic medium and an
outcome
- Means = therapeutic medium (what we use to support therapy)
- Ends = outcome
- Engaged in process to understand what the end (outcome) needs to be
- OTs use occupations for evaluation and intervention
Evaluation - Answer Occupational therapists begin with an overt focus on
understanding the client's most relevant occupations and how satisfied the client is with
how they are performed. Occupational therapists observe occupational performance
ideally in the natural context, or as closely simulated to where, when and how the
occupation typically occurs.
Intervention - Answer Use relevant occupations as their primary means to achieve goals
related to performance. This may include using occupations to establish or remediate
client skills and body functions, promote health, or prevent dysfunction. While
participating in meaningful occupations, specific tasks might be modified to better
match the person's abilities, or aspects of the environment might be adapted for
improved occupational performance and participation.
Arts and Crafts movement - Answer - 1900: Emmanualism
- work-based approach for neurasthenia
- work cure
, - formed as a reaction against industrialization and modernism
Arts and Crafts movement impact - Answer - work cure approach in Studies in Invalid
Occupations
- first course on occupations for patients in general hospital setting
- many state mental hospitals used occupations as a regular part of treatment
- The missions and philosophies of occupational therapy and the arts-and-crafts
movement were so intertwined. Healthy individuals were drawn to the arts-and- crafts
movement because involvement with arts and crafts promised to settle nervous lives.
The occupational therapy founders creatively applied these ideas to a neglected group
of chronically disabled patients. These applications were varied and creative and
included the management of pain during recuperation, the redirection of the wandering
minds of elders, and the diversion of self-indulgent thoughts of depressives.
Moral Treatment movement - Answer In the late 18th century, moral influence became
more apparent with the treatment of persons with mental illness and resulted in more
humane treatment. There was an emerging belief that the "insane" were creatures of
reason and must be treated with compassion. This humanitarian treatment influenced
the development of therapeutic communities (OT) and the emphasis on engagement of
groups in productive activities.
Moral Treatment movement impact - Answer - also applied to physical illness b/c health
and illness were viewed as related to patient character and spiritual development
- emergence of humanitarian treatment influenced the development of therapeutic
communities and the emphasis on engagement of groups in productive activities
- influential outside of health care, in social services
- The movement introduced the idea of productive activities as a treatment for those
with mental illness. The starting of the Hull House and Henry Street Settlement, where
they helped people escape poverty and become productive, self-reliant members of
society through teaching of practical living skills, later became the basis for a
movement to use curative occupations in mental illness and influence the creation and
development of occupational therapy.
Mental Hygiene movement - Answer - 1900
- death of President William McKinley by preventable infection precursor to reform
efforts affecting general medicine and psychiatry
- reform in mental health
- let to call for more human treatment in larger mental institutions
Mental Hygiene movement impact - Answer - involved patients in the healing process
