empirical approach - ANSWER evidence-based approach based on
observation and experiment
tries to investigate and comprehend, not to mislead or be misled
necessitates scientific attitude: curiosity, scepticism, and humility
humility - ANSWER sensitivity to our propensity for making mistakes and
even surprise and revision of perspectives
skepticism - ANSWER not disbelieving and not belief
what do you mean? how do you know?
critical thinking ANSWER thinking that does not uncritically accept
arguments and conclusions
rather
- examines assumptions
- appraises the source
- discerns hidden biases
- evaluates evidence
- assesses conclusions
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER father of psychology, german physiologist who
founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research
laboratory in 1879
sought to measure "atoms of the mind"
,press a button when you hear a bell
Aristotle - ANSWER learning and memory, motivation and emotion,
perception and personality
Edward Bradford Titchener - ANSWER used introspection to search for the
mind's structural elements
said introspection and structuralism were not reliable
William James - ANSWER studied down to earth emotions, memories, will
power, habits, and moment to moment streams of consciousness
"principles of psychology"
Charles Darwin - ANSWER evolutionary psychologist
Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWER memory researcher and first woman to be
president of America's Psychology Association
Margaret Floy Washburn - ANSWER first female to be awarded a PhD in
psychology; 2nd president of the APA (1921)
(synthesized animal behavior in the book she wrote "The Animal Mind")
B.F. Skinner - ANSWER studied how consequences shape behavior
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner - ANSWER championed psychology as
the science of behavior and demonstrated conditioned responses on a baby who
became famous as "Little Albert"
, structuralism - ANSWER early school of psychology that used introspection to
explore the structural elements of the human mind (Wundt and Titchener)
functionalism - ANSWER early school of thought promoted by James and
influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-
how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish
behaviorism - ANSWER one of the two major forces in psych in the 1960 s
the view that psych
- should be an objective science
- studies behavior without reference to mental process
Freudian (psychoanalytic) psychology - ANSWER emphasized the ways our
unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior
humanistic psychology - ANSWER in the 1960s led by Carl Rogers and
Abraham Maslow who found behaviorism and Freudian psychology too
limiting
rather than focusing on conditioned responses or childhood memories, focus on
our needs for love and acceptance and on environments that nurture or limit
personal growth
behaviour - ANSWER anything an organism does, any action we can observe
and record
yelling, smiling, blinking, sweating, tweeting, questionnaire marking
observation and experiment
tries to investigate and comprehend, not to mislead or be misled
necessitates scientific attitude: curiosity, scepticism, and humility
humility - ANSWER sensitivity to our propensity for making mistakes and
even surprise and revision of perspectives
skepticism - ANSWER not disbelieving and not belief
what do you mean? how do you know?
critical thinking ANSWER thinking that does not uncritically accept
arguments and conclusions
rather
- examines assumptions
- appraises the source
- discerns hidden biases
- evaluates evidence
- assesses conclusions
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER father of psychology, german physiologist who
founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research
laboratory in 1879
sought to measure "atoms of the mind"
,press a button when you hear a bell
Aristotle - ANSWER learning and memory, motivation and emotion,
perception and personality
Edward Bradford Titchener - ANSWER used introspection to search for the
mind's structural elements
said introspection and structuralism were not reliable
William James - ANSWER studied down to earth emotions, memories, will
power, habits, and moment to moment streams of consciousness
"principles of psychology"
Charles Darwin - ANSWER evolutionary psychologist
Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWER memory researcher and first woman to be
president of America's Psychology Association
Margaret Floy Washburn - ANSWER first female to be awarded a PhD in
psychology; 2nd president of the APA (1921)
(synthesized animal behavior in the book she wrote "The Animal Mind")
B.F. Skinner - ANSWER studied how consequences shape behavior
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner - ANSWER championed psychology as
the science of behavior and demonstrated conditioned responses on a baby who
became famous as "Little Albert"
, structuralism - ANSWER early school of psychology that used introspection to
explore the structural elements of the human mind (Wundt and Titchener)
functionalism - ANSWER early school of thought promoted by James and
influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-
how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish
behaviorism - ANSWER one of the two major forces in psych in the 1960 s
the view that psych
- should be an objective science
- studies behavior without reference to mental process
Freudian (psychoanalytic) psychology - ANSWER emphasized the ways our
unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior
humanistic psychology - ANSWER in the 1960s led by Carl Rogers and
Abraham Maslow who found behaviorism and Freudian psychology too
limiting
rather than focusing on conditioned responses or childhood memories, focus on
our needs for love and acceptance and on environments that nurture or limit
personal growth
behaviour - ANSWER anything an organism does, any action we can observe
and record
yelling, smiling, blinking, sweating, tweeting, questionnaire marking
