IMM250 Final UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔first line of defense, recognize common
molecular patterns, innate leukocyte responses, non "memory" of threat
adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔second line of defense, recognize any
molecular structure, lymphocyte responses, "memory" of threat
innate recognition - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔innate cells recognize PAMPs (specific to a
group of pathogens) using PRRs
adaptive recognition - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔lymphocytes recognize antigens
(pathogen-specific) using antigen receptors
cellular immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔white blood cells (leukocytes) mediate
phagocytosis, killing of pathogens and infected cells; T cells recognize the antigen via the
TCR
humoral immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔soluble serum proteins; antibodies bind and
clear pathogens and bacterial toxins, complements mediate pathogen clearance; B cells
recognize the antigen via the BCR
complement - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔a related group of enzymatic proteins
antigens - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔unique structures on different pathogens that are
complex and pathogen-specific that are recognized by lymphocytes
BCR - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔composed of two heavy chains and two light chains; both
light chains encoded by IgL gene, both heavy chains encoded by IgH gene
TCR - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain; alpha chain
encoded by TCRa gene, beta chain encoded by TCRb gene
, T lymphocyte - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔secretes cytokines, recognizes peptide antigen;
see antigens that are buried within the pathogen which are processed by antigen-presenting
cells and loaded onto an antigen-presenting molecule
B lymphocyte - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔secretes antibodies, recognizes
protein/carbohydrate conformational antigen; see exposed antigens on the surface of the
pathogen
describe what the BCRs or TCRs on a given B or T lymphocyte are like - CORRECT
ANSWER- ✔✔they are identical, expressed as many copies, unique to that lymphocyte,
highly specific for a particular antigen
describe VDJ recombination - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔V, D, and J gene segments are
joined together into one V exon; choice of V, D, J that form the V exon is random, which
created diversity of immunoglobulin genes
V domains - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔high structural variability within receptor repertoire,
facilitates recognition of diverse antigens
C domains - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔low structural variability within receptor repertoire,
facilitates common functions
complementarity determining regions (CDRs) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔hotspots of
protein variability in V domains, form antigen binding surface of the protein
combinatorial diversity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔diversity arising due to recombination
of V, D, and J segments that are each selected randomly from a collection of gene segments
chain pairing diversity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔diversity arising from the random
production and pairing of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain specificities
immunosurveillance of tumours - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔elimination (adaptive response
to tumour antigens destroy emerging tumour cells), equilibrium (if elimination is incomplete,
tumour cells continue to evolve but are held in check by continued BCR and TCR detection
CORRECT Answers
innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔first line of defense, recognize common
molecular patterns, innate leukocyte responses, non "memory" of threat
adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔second line of defense, recognize any
molecular structure, lymphocyte responses, "memory" of threat
innate recognition - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔innate cells recognize PAMPs (specific to a
group of pathogens) using PRRs
adaptive recognition - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔lymphocytes recognize antigens
(pathogen-specific) using antigen receptors
cellular immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔white blood cells (leukocytes) mediate
phagocytosis, killing of pathogens and infected cells; T cells recognize the antigen via the
TCR
humoral immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔soluble serum proteins; antibodies bind and
clear pathogens and bacterial toxins, complements mediate pathogen clearance; B cells
recognize the antigen via the BCR
complement - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔a related group of enzymatic proteins
antigens - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔unique structures on different pathogens that are
complex and pathogen-specific that are recognized by lymphocytes
BCR - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔composed of two heavy chains and two light chains; both
light chains encoded by IgL gene, both heavy chains encoded by IgH gene
TCR - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain; alpha chain
encoded by TCRa gene, beta chain encoded by TCRb gene
, T lymphocyte - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔secretes cytokines, recognizes peptide antigen;
see antigens that are buried within the pathogen which are processed by antigen-presenting
cells and loaded onto an antigen-presenting molecule
B lymphocyte - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔secretes antibodies, recognizes
protein/carbohydrate conformational antigen; see exposed antigens on the surface of the
pathogen
describe what the BCRs or TCRs on a given B or T lymphocyte are like - CORRECT
ANSWER- ✔✔they are identical, expressed as many copies, unique to that lymphocyte,
highly specific for a particular antigen
describe VDJ recombination - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔V, D, and J gene segments are
joined together into one V exon; choice of V, D, J that form the V exon is random, which
created diversity of immunoglobulin genes
V domains - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔high structural variability within receptor repertoire,
facilitates recognition of diverse antigens
C domains - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔low structural variability within receptor repertoire,
facilitates common functions
complementarity determining regions (CDRs) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔hotspots of
protein variability in V domains, form antigen binding surface of the protein
combinatorial diversity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔diversity arising due to recombination
of V, D, and J segments that are each selected randomly from a collection of gene segments
chain pairing diversity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔diversity arising from the random
production and pairing of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain specificities
immunosurveillance of tumours - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔elimination (adaptive response
to tumour antigens destroy emerging tumour cells), equilibrium (if elimination is incomplete,
tumour cells continue to evolve but are held in check by continued BCR and TCR detection
