V.N. KARAZIN KHARKIV NATIONAL
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
TOPIC 2: DIGESTIVE GLANDS
,PLAN OF THE LESSON:
- Anatomy of liver.
- Gall bladder.
- Pancreas.
- Regions of anterior abdominal wall.
- Peritoneum and topography of organs of digestive system in
abdominal cavity.
, • Liver- considered the largest gland, it performs over 500 functions that
influence several systems beside the digestive system. In regards to the
digestive system it produces bile. A substance that emulsifies fat and makes it
accessible to fat digesting enzymes. The liver is involved in balancing blood
glucose levels, it responds to hormones, and clears toxins or drugs from the
blood and makes blood proteins.
• Gross anatomy- It is protected by the rib cage. It has a diaphragmatic surface
and a visceral surface, the bare area is fused to the diaphragm. It has four
lobes: right and left lobes that are divided by the falciform ligament, the
caudate lobe, and the quadrate lobe. The posterior and inferior view also
shows the round ligament (ligamentum teres) and the ligamentun venosum.
The port heptis is also on this side. Major blood vessels, nerves, and ducts
enter through the porta hepatis. Bile is carried from the liver by the right and
left hepatic ducts that merge into the common hepatic duct that also
connects to the cystic duct of the gall bladder. Bile reaches the small
intestine through the common hepatic duct.
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
TOPIC 2: DIGESTIVE GLANDS
,PLAN OF THE LESSON:
- Anatomy of liver.
- Gall bladder.
- Pancreas.
- Regions of anterior abdominal wall.
- Peritoneum and topography of organs of digestive system in
abdominal cavity.
, • Liver- considered the largest gland, it performs over 500 functions that
influence several systems beside the digestive system. In regards to the
digestive system it produces bile. A substance that emulsifies fat and makes it
accessible to fat digesting enzymes. The liver is involved in balancing blood
glucose levels, it responds to hormones, and clears toxins or drugs from the
blood and makes blood proteins.
• Gross anatomy- It is protected by the rib cage. It has a diaphragmatic surface
and a visceral surface, the bare area is fused to the diaphragm. It has four
lobes: right and left lobes that are divided by the falciform ligament, the
caudate lobe, and the quadrate lobe. The posterior and inferior view also
shows the round ligament (ligamentum teres) and the ligamentun venosum.
The port heptis is also on this side. Major blood vessels, nerves, and ducts
enter through the porta hepatis. Bile is carried from the liver by the right and
left hepatic ducts that merge into the common hepatic duct that also
connects to the cystic duct of the gall bladder. Bile reaches the small
intestine through the common hepatic duct.
