CALT Exam Study Guide 2(100%
Accurate)
closed syllable - ANSWERSA syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a
consonant. (A vowel in a closed syllable is short, code it with a breve).
open syllable - ANSWERSA syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end. (A
vowel in an open accented syllable is long, code it with a macron).
vowel team - ANSWERSA syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs, arc
diphthongs).
Vowel consonant e - ANSWERSA syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant with a
final e. (Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be long, code it with a macron, the e will be
silent, cross it out).
Final Stable Syllable - ANSWERSA syllable type that comes in the final position of a
word. It has a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable before it is accented. (Bracket the
Final Stable Syllable, accent the syllable before it).
R Controlled Syllable - ANSWERSA syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which an
unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r combination).
digraph - ANSWERStwo adjacent letters in a word that make one sound
combination - ANSWERSTwo letters that come together in an unexpected way.
(example: qu, wh, or, ar, ir, ur, er)
diphthong - ANSWERSTwo adjacent vowels in the same syllable that glide together.
(Code it with an arc) (example: ow, ou, oi, oy)
trigraph - ANSWERSThree adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound.
(examples: tch, dge, igh)
quadrugraph - ANSWERSFour adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound.
(example: eigh)
phoneme - ANSWERSThe smallest unit of sound
morpheme - ANSWERSThe smallest unit of meaning. The smallest forms or units of
language (base word, root, prefix, suffix, or combining form) that carry meaning.
, Alphabetic Principle - ANSWERSThe relationship between letters in a left to right
orientation, and phonemes ordered in a specific temporal sequence in a spoken word.
The English language operates on this code of approximately 44 speech sounds and 26
letters. Explicit, systematic, sequential instruction. About 75% of the school population
will deduce the ____________________________ _____________________ or code.
25% need explicit instruction.
4 (because x has 2 sounds)! - ANSWERSHow many phonemes in mix?
3 (because digraph th and digraph ow have one sound each) - ANSWERSHow many
phonemes in throw?
When followed by e, i, or y - ANSWERSWhen does g make the j sound
bwF (voiced) -ed = (d) ex. milled
bwF (unvoiced) -ed = (t) ex. talked
bwF t,d -ed = (ed) ex. suited - ANSWERSWhat are the sounds made by -ed? Give the
formulas.
science - ANSWERSIn which field of study do we typically find words of Greek origin?
number, color, farm, forest, ocean animals, outer body parts, short common words,
words with gh, wh, consonant -le, short words with k, gn, kn, tw, wr, ch pronounced (ch),
one syllable word with tch, dge, short words with th, floss words, words with double
consonants in the middle, short words with silent letters, short words with unexpected
long vowels (wild old words), words with hard g before e or i, words with ng. -
ANSWERSWhat are the clues that a common English word is of Anglo-Saxon
derivation?
easy to write and easy to read - ANSWERSWhat is the ultimate goal in handwriting
instruction?
An unaccented vowel sound that sounds like (u) - ANSWERSWhat does the "schwa"
mark represent in most dictionaries?
Sounds with only one spelling or, ar, i, a, e, oo, oo, n, r, y, h, th, th, v, wh, p, f, m, g, x,
sh, wh, qu, b, d, l - ANSWERSWhich sounds are unequivocal
Sounds with more than one spelling (long a, e, i, o, u), (short u) er, au, j, ch, z, s, short
o, ng, ou, ow, k, oi - ANSWERSWhich sounds are equivocal?
1SbwF (f)(l)(s)=ff,ll,ss If you have a one syllable base word, and in final position you
hear (f)(l) or (s), then you double the f, l or s. - ANSWERSWhat is the floss rule?
Accurate)
closed syllable - ANSWERSA syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a
consonant. (A vowel in a closed syllable is short, code it with a breve).
open syllable - ANSWERSA syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end. (A
vowel in an open accented syllable is long, code it with a macron).
vowel team - ANSWERSA syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs, arc
diphthongs).
Vowel consonant e - ANSWERSA syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant with a
final e. (Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be long, code it with a macron, the e will be
silent, cross it out).
Final Stable Syllable - ANSWERSA syllable type that comes in the final position of a
word. It has a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable before it is accented. (Bracket the
Final Stable Syllable, accent the syllable before it).
R Controlled Syllable - ANSWERSA syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which an
unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r combination).
digraph - ANSWERStwo adjacent letters in a word that make one sound
combination - ANSWERSTwo letters that come together in an unexpected way.
(example: qu, wh, or, ar, ir, ur, er)
diphthong - ANSWERSTwo adjacent vowels in the same syllable that glide together.
(Code it with an arc) (example: ow, ou, oi, oy)
trigraph - ANSWERSThree adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound.
(examples: tch, dge, igh)
quadrugraph - ANSWERSFour adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound.
(example: eigh)
phoneme - ANSWERSThe smallest unit of sound
morpheme - ANSWERSThe smallest unit of meaning. The smallest forms or units of
language (base word, root, prefix, suffix, or combining form) that carry meaning.
, Alphabetic Principle - ANSWERSThe relationship between letters in a left to right
orientation, and phonemes ordered in a specific temporal sequence in a spoken word.
The English language operates on this code of approximately 44 speech sounds and 26
letters. Explicit, systematic, sequential instruction. About 75% of the school population
will deduce the ____________________________ _____________________ or code.
25% need explicit instruction.
4 (because x has 2 sounds)! - ANSWERSHow many phonemes in mix?
3 (because digraph th and digraph ow have one sound each) - ANSWERSHow many
phonemes in throw?
When followed by e, i, or y - ANSWERSWhen does g make the j sound
bwF (voiced) -ed = (d) ex. milled
bwF (unvoiced) -ed = (t) ex. talked
bwF t,d -ed = (ed) ex. suited - ANSWERSWhat are the sounds made by -ed? Give the
formulas.
science - ANSWERSIn which field of study do we typically find words of Greek origin?
number, color, farm, forest, ocean animals, outer body parts, short common words,
words with gh, wh, consonant -le, short words with k, gn, kn, tw, wr, ch pronounced (ch),
one syllable word with tch, dge, short words with th, floss words, words with double
consonants in the middle, short words with silent letters, short words with unexpected
long vowels (wild old words), words with hard g before e or i, words with ng. -
ANSWERSWhat are the clues that a common English word is of Anglo-Saxon
derivation?
easy to write and easy to read - ANSWERSWhat is the ultimate goal in handwriting
instruction?
An unaccented vowel sound that sounds like (u) - ANSWERSWhat does the "schwa"
mark represent in most dictionaries?
Sounds with only one spelling or, ar, i, a, e, oo, oo, n, r, y, h, th, th, v, wh, p, f, m, g, x,
sh, wh, qu, b, d, l - ANSWERSWhich sounds are unequivocal
Sounds with more than one spelling (long a, e, i, o, u), (short u) er, au, j, ch, z, s, short
o, ng, ou, ow, k, oi - ANSWERSWhich sounds are equivocal?
1SbwF (f)(l)(s)=ff,ll,ss If you have a one syllable base word, and in final position you
hear (f)(l) or (s), then you double the f, l or s. - ANSWERSWhat is the floss rule?
