NURS646 Week 6- Copd,Asthma
Exam Study Guide
Chronic airflow limitations of COPD are due to both _______ and _______. - Answer Small
airway disease and parenchymal destruction
Small airway and alveolar abnormalities are due to... - Answer obstructive bronchiolitis
Parenchymal destruction leads to... - Answer emphysema
Main risk factor for developing COPD... - Answer Smoking (environmental exposures)
T/F: Occupational hazards which involve dusty materials can lead to development of
COPD - Answer True
The inflammatory process of COPD will lead to... - Answer airway edema
airway wall thickening
excess production of mucus
loss of ciliary function
Widespread bronchial narrowing with mucous plugging produces hypoxemia because
of... - Answer the mismatching of ventilation to perfusion
Those with the genetic factor of a1-antitrypsin deficiency can cause... - Answer
persistent airflow obstruction and emphysema
What is the gold standard in making a COPD diagnosis? - Answer Spirometry
What are the primary spirometric measurements used in making the COPD diagnosis? -
Answer FVC and FEV1
The presence of a post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of ____ confirms the presence of
airflow limitation - Answer < 0.70
FEV1 of less than ____ suggests airflow limitation - Answer 80% predicted
A patient presents with change in mental status, fatigue, confusion, dizziness, pallor and
cyanosis. This can be due to... - Answer hypoxia
COPD should be considered in any patient with a... - Answer chronic cough, dyspnea, or
sputum production
Late stages of COPD may include findings that are the result of... - Answer hyperinflation
Chest inspection in someone with late stage COPD may reveal... - Answer increase in
, anteroposterior diameter or barrel chest
Intrathoracic causes of chronic cough include... - Answer asthma, lung cancer, CF, ILD
Extrathoracic causes of chronic cough include... - Answer Chronic allergies, GERD,
meds, post nasal drip syndrome
Studies that may help in diagnosis... - Answer Spirometry
Chest x-ray
Arterial blood gas
Alpha-1 antitrypsin levels
high res CT of chest
Physical exam findings in early stages of COPD may be... - Answer normal
spirometry testing is performed with both... - Answer pre- and post- bronchodilator
GOLD Criteria for COPD - Answer Symptoms and risk factors are not diagnostic in
themselves but should prompt spirometry in patients older than 40
The lower the FEV1= - Answer more likely COPD diagnosis
Acceptable spirometry testing needs to be conducted ______ by an acceptable and
reproducible method for determining ______ - Answer 3 times; FVC
Positive response in spirometry is defined as an increase of ____ compared to baseline
FEV1 or FVC - Answer > 12% or > 200ml
T/F: X-rays are necessary to make a COPD diagnosis - Answer False; they are helpful in
complications of COPD but not the diagnosis itself
GOLD 1: Mild COPD - Answer FEV1 > 80% predicted
GOLD 2: Moderate COPD - Answer FEV1 50-<80% predicted
GOLD 3: Severe COPD - Answer FEV1 30-<50% predicted
GOLD 4: Very Severe COPD - Answer FEV1 < 30% predicted
The CAT questionnaire is used to assess... - Answer a patient's quality of life with COPD
On the CAT questionnaire, scores greater than 10 indicate... - Answer severe symptoms
Group A COPD Staging - Answer GOLD 1 or 2, no or 1 exacerbations in a year, no
hospitalizations and CAT < 10
Group B COPD Staging - Answer GOLD 1 or 2, no or 1 exacerbation in a year, no
hospitalizations, but CAT > 10
Exam Study Guide
Chronic airflow limitations of COPD are due to both _______ and _______. - Answer Small
airway disease and parenchymal destruction
Small airway and alveolar abnormalities are due to... - Answer obstructive bronchiolitis
Parenchymal destruction leads to... - Answer emphysema
Main risk factor for developing COPD... - Answer Smoking (environmental exposures)
T/F: Occupational hazards which involve dusty materials can lead to development of
COPD - Answer True
The inflammatory process of COPD will lead to... - Answer airway edema
airway wall thickening
excess production of mucus
loss of ciliary function
Widespread bronchial narrowing with mucous plugging produces hypoxemia because
of... - Answer the mismatching of ventilation to perfusion
Those with the genetic factor of a1-antitrypsin deficiency can cause... - Answer
persistent airflow obstruction and emphysema
What is the gold standard in making a COPD diagnosis? - Answer Spirometry
What are the primary spirometric measurements used in making the COPD diagnosis? -
Answer FVC and FEV1
The presence of a post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of ____ confirms the presence of
airflow limitation - Answer < 0.70
FEV1 of less than ____ suggests airflow limitation - Answer 80% predicted
A patient presents with change in mental status, fatigue, confusion, dizziness, pallor and
cyanosis. This can be due to... - Answer hypoxia
COPD should be considered in any patient with a... - Answer chronic cough, dyspnea, or
sputum production
Late stages of COPD may include findings that are the result of... - Answer hyperinflation
Chest inspection in someone with late stage COPD may reveal... - Answer increase in
, anteroposterior diameter or barrel chest
Intrathoracic causes of chronic cough include... - Answer asthma, lung cancer, CF, ILD
Extrathoracic causes of chronic cough include... - Answer Chronic allergies, GERD,
meds, post nasal drip syndrome
Studies that may help in diagnosis... - Answer Spirometry
Chest x-ray
Arterial blood gas
Alpha-1 antitrypsin levels
high res CT of chest
Physical exam findings in early stages of COPD may be... - Answer normal
spirometry testing is performed with both... - Answer pre- and post- bronchodilator
GOLD Criteria for COPD - Answer Symptoms and risk factors are not diagnostic in
themselves but should prompt spirometry in patients older than 40
The lower the FEV1= - Answer more likely COPD diagnosis
Acceptable spirometry testing needs to be conducted ______ by an acceptable and
reproducible method for determining ______ - Answer 3 times; FVC
Positive response in spirometry is defined as an increase of ____ compared to baseline
FEV1 or FVC - Answer > 12% or > 200ml
T/F: X-rays are necessary to make a COPD diagnosis - Answer False; they are helpful in
complications of COPD but not the diagnosis itself
GOLD 1: Mild COPD - Answer FEV1 > 80% predicted
GOLD 2: Moderate COPD - Answer FEV1 50-<80% predicted
GOLD 3: Severe COPD - Answer FEV1 30-<50% predicted
GOLD 4: Very Severe COPD - Answer FEV1 < 30% predicted
The CAT questionnaire is used to assess... - Answer a patient's quality of life with COPD
On the CAT questionnaire, scores greater than 10 indicate... - Answer severe symptoms
Group A COPD Staging - Answer GOLD 1 or 2, no or 1 exacerbations in a year, no
hospitalizations and CAT < 10
Group B COPD Staging - Answer GOLD 1 or 2, no or 1 exacerbation in a year, no
hospitalizations, but CAT > 10
