©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
PHAR 100 Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass | Latest Update
Drugs - ✔✔substances other than food that change the structure or
function of the body or mind. Any substance received by a biological
system that is not received for nutritive purposes.
Pharmacology - ✔✔study of drugs/ the science of drugs
historical influences on pharmacology - ✔✔1. ancient civilizations
2. poisons
3. religion
Ancient Chinese role in pharmacology - ✔✔earliest recorded drug
experiments come from China in 2700 BC. Drugs classified according to
taste
Ancient Egyptian influence on pharmacology - ✔✔history recorded on
papyri. The Ebers Papyrus (1500 BCE) was a textbook of drug use for
medical students
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Ebers Papyrus - ✔✔An Egyptian document, dated approximately 1500
B.C., containing more than eight hundred prescriptions for common
ailments and diseases
Shen Nung - ✔✔Father of Chinese Medicine, emperor who classified all
drugs according to taste
Ancient Greek influence on pharmacology - ✔✔380 BCE, Theophrastus
wrote a textbook on therapeutics
- includes detailed information on opium
- obtained this material from the opium poppy
Theophrastus - ✔✔Third century BC Greek philosopher and naturalist.
Wrote a textbook on therapeutics including information on opium
Aristotle - ✔✔A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a
famous school, studied with Plato. Taught Theophrastus
Opium - ✔✔substance derived from the opium poppy from which all
narcotic drugs are derived
The influence of religion on pharmacology - ✔✔Medicine men acted as
both physicians and priests. plants containing Intoxicating substances were
used to alter the state of consciousness and facilitate communication with
their gods. Therapy heavily influenced by religion and magic.
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Mescaline - ✔✔natural hallucinogen derived from the peyote cactus
buttons. Causes hallucinations, a feeling of well-being, and distortion of
perception (similar to effects of LSD)
LSD - ✔✔a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid
diethylamide). Causes hallucinations, a feeling of well-being and distortion
of perception. Synthesis based on structure of ergot alkaloids
The influence of poisons on pharmacology - ✔✔According to the 16th c.
Swiss physician Paracelsus, "All substances are poisons, there is none
which is not a poison"
Curare - ✔✔Used by indigenous people of the amazon, arrows dipped in it.
Acts upon voluntary muscles causing paralysis and death.
Eventually used by anesthetists during surgery, a small dose given to relax
muscles facilitating surgeon's work
Ergot poisoning symptoms - ✔✔restricted blood flow to limbs (limbs
become black and die off), hallucinogenic, mental frenzy, violent
contractions of the uterus (small amount could be useful in hastening
labour)
two active principles isolated for drug use
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
migraines - ✔✔intense headaches, typically perceived from one half of the
head, that recur regularly and can be difficult to treat. May be caused by
pulsation of arterial blood vessels to the head.
drug? ergotamine
zinc oxide - ✔✔ZnO, considered of great importance in ancient therapies,
still found in a number of topical creams today (diaper rash creams)
Modern sources of drugs - ✔✔synthetic chemical compounds and plant
sources (active substance purified and modified to make it less toxic or
more effective)
Drugs discovered in the 19th century - ✔✔Nitrous Oxide -> laughing gas,
acts on the brain
Ether -> an anaesthetic, acts on the brain
Drugs discovered in the 20th century - ✔✔reserpine -> reduces anxiety,
acts on the brain
LSD -> from ergot, a hallucinogen, acts on the brain
PHAR 100 Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass | Latest Update
Drugs - ✔✔substances other than food that change the structure or
function of the body or mind. Any substance received by a biological
system that is not received for nutritive purposes.
Pharmacology - ✔✔study of drugs/ the science of drugs
historical influences on pharmacology - ✔✔1. ancient civilizations
2. poisons
3. religion
Ancient Chinese role in pharmacology - ✔✔earliest recorded drug
experiments come from China in 2700 BC. Drugs classified according to
taste
Ancient Egyptian influence on pharmacology - ✔✔history recorded on
papyri. The Ebers Papyrus (1500 BCE) was a textbook of drug use for
medical students
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Ebers Papyrus - ✔✔An Egyptian document, dated approximately 1500
B.C., containing more than eight hundred prescriptions for common
ailments and diseases
Shen Nung - ✔✔Father of Chinese Medicine, emperor who classified all
drugs according to taste
Ancient Greek influence on pharmacology - ✔✔380 BCE, Theophrastus
wrote a textbook on therapeutics
- includes detailed information on opium
- obtained this material from the opium poppy
Theophrastus - ✔✔Third century BC Greek philosopher and naturalist.
Wrote a textbook on therapeutics including information on opium
Aristotle - ✔✔A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a
famous school, studied with Plato. Taught Theophrastus
Opium - ✔✔substance derived from the opium poppy from which all
narcotic drugs are derived
The influence of religion on pharmacology - ✔✔Medicine men acted as
both physicians and priests. plants containing Intoxicating substances were
used to alter the state of consciousness and facilitate communication with
their gods. Therapy heavily influenced by religion and magic.
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Mescaline - ✔✔natural hallucinogen derived from the peyote cactus
buttons. Causes hallucinations, a feeling of well-being, and distortion of
perception (similar to effects of LSD)
LSD - ✔✔a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid
diethylamide). Causes hallucinations, a feeling of well-being and distortion
of perception. Synthesis based on structure of ergot alkaloids
The influence of poisons on pharmacology - ✔✔According to the 16th c.
Swiss physician Paracelsus, "All substances are poisons, there is none
which is not a poison"
Curare - ✔✔Used by indigenous people of the amazon, arrows dipped in it.
Acts upon voluntary muscles causing paralysis and death.
Eventually used by anesthetists during surgery, a small dose given to relax
muscles facilitating surgeon's work
Ergot poisoning symptoms - ✔✔restricted blood flow to limbs (limbs
become black and die off), hallucinogenic, mental frenzy, violent
contractions of the uterus (small amount could be useful in hastening
labour)
two active principles isolated for drug use
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
migraines - ✔✔intense headaches, typically perceived from one half of the
head, that recur regularly and can be difficult to treat. May be caused by
pulsation of arterial blood vessels to the head.
drug? ergotamine
zinc oxide - ✔✔ZnO, considered of great importance in ancient therapies,
still found in a number of topical creams today (diaper rash creams)
Modern sources of drugs - ✔✔synthetic chemical compounds and plant
sources (active substance purified and modified to make it less toxic or
more effective)
Drugs discovered in the 19th century - ✔✔Nitrous Oxide -> laughing gas,
acts on the brain
Ether -> an anaesthetic, acts on the brain
Drugs discovered in the 20th century - ✔✔reserpine -> reduces anxiety,
acts on the brain
LSD -> from ergot, a hallucinogen, acts on the brain
