Electrolyte Imbalances - FA Davis Questions
with Right Answers
Signs and Symptoms of Hypernatremia - ✅✅ Value above 145 meq/L
1. Decreased urine output
2. Tachycardia (in late or severe states)
3. Disorientation---Coma
4. Thirst
5. Muscle twitching
6. Seizures
Signs and Symptoms of Hyponatremia - ✅✅ Value below 135 meq/L
1. GI upset
2. Lethargy
3. Muscle weakness
4. Seizures
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperkalemia - ✅✅ Value above 5.0 meq/L
1. Diarrhea
2. Muscle tremors and twitching
3. Flaccid muscle paralysis
4. Cardiac arrest
Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia - ✅✅ Value below 3.5 meq/L
1. Constipation
2. Irregular and/or weak pulse
3. Leg cramps
4. Cardiac arrest
5. Fatigue
Signs and Symptoms of Hypermagnesmia - ✅✅ Value above 2.3 mg/dl
1. Hypotension
2. Cardiac arrest
3. Respiratory depression
4. Neurologic: Deep tendon reflexes decreased
Signs and Symptoms of Hypomagnesemia - ✅✅ Value below 1.3 mg/dl
, 1. Hallucinations, seizures, increased deep tendon reflexes, paresthesias
2. Tremors, muscle spasms
3. Arrhythmias
Signs and Symptoms of Hypercalcemia - ✅✅ Value above 10.2 mg/dl
1. Cardiac dysrhythmias (Blocks), shortening of QT interval and ST segment
2. Muscle weakness, incoordination
3. Anorexia, constipation
4. Increased calcium aggravates digoxin toxicity
Signs and Symptoms of Hypocalcemia - ✅✅ Value below 8.6 mg/dl
1. Numbness, tingling of fingers, toes and circumoral region.
2. Positive Trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign
3. Seizures, carpopedal spasms, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, irritability,
bronchospasm, anxiety
4. Impaired clotting time, decrease prothrombin,
5. Diarrhea
6. Decreased BP, Prolong QT interval and lengthened ST
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperphosphatemia - ✅✅ Value above 4.5 mg/dl
1. Hypocalcemia
2. Tetany
3. Mental changes
Signs and Symptoms of Hypophosphatemia - ✅✅ Value below 2.5 mg/dl
1. Affects CNS, cardiac, neuro and blood
2. Disorientation, confusion, seizures, muscle weakness
3. Tremor, dysphagia
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperchloremia - ✅✅ Value above 107 meq/L
1. Fluid retention
2. Metabolic acidosis-hypervolemia
3. Hypernatremia
4. Tachypnea, weakness
5. Lethargy, deep, rapid respiration
6. Diminished cognition; htn.
7. If not treated: decreased Cardiac output, dysrhythmias, coma.
Signs and Symptoms of Hypochloremia - ✅✅ Value below 97 meq/L
with Right Answers
Signs and Symptoms of Hypernatremia - ✅✅ Value above 145 meq/L
1. Decreased urine output
2. Tachycardia (in late or severe states)
3. Disorientation---Coma
4. Thirst
5. Muscle twitching
6. Seizures
Signs and Symptoms of Hyponatremia - ✅✅ Value below 135 meq/L
1. GI upset
2. Lethargy
3. Muscle weakness
4. Seizures
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperkalemia - ✅✅ Value above 5.0 meq/L
1. Diarrhea
2. Muscle tremors and twitching
3. Flaccid muscle paralysis
4. Cardiac arrest
Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia - ✅✅ Value below 3.5 meq/L
1. Constipation
2. Irregular and/or weak pulse
3. Leg cramps
4. Cardiac arrest
5. Fatigue
Signs and Symptoms of Hypermagnesmia - ✅✅ Value above 2.3 mg/dl
1. Hypotension
2. Cardiac arrest
3. Respiratory depression
4. Neurologic: Deep tendon reflexes decreased
Signs and Symptoms of Hypomagnesemia - ✅✅ Value below 1.3 mg/dl
, 1. Hallucinations, seizures, increased deep tendon reflexes, paresthesias
2. Tremors, muscle spasms
3. Arrhythmias
Signs and Symptoms of Hypercalcemia - ✅✅ Value above 10.2 mg/dl
1. Cardiac dysrhythmias (Blocks), shortening of QT interval and ST segment
2. Muscle weakness, incoordination
3. Anorexia, constipation
4. Increased calcium aggravates digoxin toxicity
Signs and Symptoms of Hypocalcemia - ✅✅ Value below 8.6 mg/dl
1. Numbness, tingling of fingers, toes and circumoral region.
2. Positive Trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign
3. Seizures, carpopedal spasms, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, irritability,
bronchospasm, anxiety
4. Impaired clotting time, decrease prothrombin,
5. Diarrhea
6. Decreased BP, Prolong QT interval and lengthened ST
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperphosphatemia - ✅✅ Value above 4.5 mg/dl
1. Hypocalcemia
2. Tetany
3. Mental changes
Signs and Symptoms of Hypophosphatemia - ✅✅ Value below 2.5 mg/dl
1. Affects CNS, cardiac, neuro and blood
2. Disorientation, confusion, seizures, muscle weakness
3. Tremor, dysphagia
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperchloremia - ✅✅ Value above 107 meq/L
1. Fluid retention
2. Metabolic acidosis-hypervolemia
3. Hypernatremia
4. Tachypnea, weakness
5. Lethargy, deep, rapid respiration
6. Diminished cognition; htn.
7. If not treated: decreased Cardiac output, dysrhythmias, coma.
Signs and Symptoms of Hypochloremia - ✅✅ Value below 97 meq/L
