Cell and Nuclei Structure Practice Test| Latest Questions and Answers| A level

Cell and Nuclei Structure Practice Test| Latest Questions and Answers| A level **cytoplasm** The jelly-like substance that fills the inside of the cell, providing a medium for chemical reactions to occur and holding organelles in place. **mitochondria** The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for converting nutrients into ATP energy through cellular respiration. **cell membrane** A selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. **vacuole** A storage organelle that holds materials such as water, nutrients, and waste, helping to maintain proper pressure within the cell. **chloroplast** An organelle found in plant cells that captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy through photosynthesis. 2 **Golgi apparatus** The organelle responsible for modifying, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids to different parts of the cell or for export. **endoplasmic reticulum (ER)** A network of membranes that aids in the production and transport of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER) within the cell. **lysosome** A membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. **centrioles** Organelles that help organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division. **microtubules** Cylindrical structures that help support and shape the cell, also involved in intracellular transport and cell division. **nucleolus** 3 A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and ribosome subunits are assembled. **vesicle** A small membrane-bound sac that transports materials within the cell or moves materials to the cell membrane for release. **cytoskeleton** A network of protein filaments and tubules that provides structural support for the cell and is involved in cell movement and division. **plasma membrane*