1430- EXAM 2- Functional ability and sensory perception Questions & Answers

What are the 5 senses? - ANSWERSSight Hearing Smell Taste Touch What is a cataract? - ANSWERSclouding of the lens What is the treatment for cataracts? - ANSWERSreplace the lens with an artificial lens in surgery What are the 2 forms of Macular Degenerative Disease? - ANSWERS1. Dry Macular Degenerative Disease 2. Wet macular Degenerative Disease What is dry macular degenerative disease? - ANSWERScenter of retina is deteriorated What are the sign and symptoms of cataracts? - ANSWERS-Blurred dimmed vision -Sensitive to light -*Seeing halos around lights* -Fading or yellowing of colors -Double vision in a single eye What are the risk factors of cataracts? Which are modifiable and which are not? - ANSWERS-Age (nonmidifiable) -Diabetes (depends on the type) -Excessive exposure to sunlight (modifiable) -Smoking (modifiable) -Obesity (modifiable) -High bld pressure (modifiable) -Previous eye surgery (nonmodifable) previous Eye injury (modifiable) *-prolonged use of corticosteroid medications (Dunlap said hint hint)* Drinking excess amounts of alcohol (modifiable) What are ways to prevent cataracts? - ANSWERS-Have regular eye exams -Quit smoking -Manage other health problems -healthy diet -Wear sunglasses -Reduce alcohol When a patient needs to stop drinking/smoking, what should you do to help? - ANSWERSGive options for a replacement options When assessing a patient who has come in, what should you ask in terms of their alcohol use? - ANSWERS-How many drinks in a week? -Is it social? -What do you drink? To make a diagnosis for cataracts, what tests/exams do you preform? - ANSWERS-Snellen -Slit lamp examination -Retinal exams (looks for other conditions as well, dunlap repeated this like 50 times) What is galucoma? - ANSWERS-The silent killer of vision. -Numerous different eye conditions that cause pressure to be put on the optic nerve resulting in damage to that optic nerve (in the back of your eye) What are the 2 forms of glaucoma? - ANSWERSOpen angle glaucoma Angle closure glaucoma (THIS IS RARE) What are the treatments for MDD? - ANSWERS-Laser surgery -VEGFR inhibitor -AREDS What are AREDS (Age related eye disease study) made of and what do they do? - ANSWERSType 1- vitamin C, E Lutien, zeaxanthin, zinc, copper Type 2- All listed above AND omega 3s, beta kertin Slow the progression of MDD What does the VEGFR inhibitor do? - ANSWERSprevents abnormal bld cells in WET MDD What are signs and symptoms of open angle glaucoma? - ANSWERS-No symptoms other than vision loss -Patchy blind spots in your peripheral or central vision, frequently in both eyes -tunnel vision is noticed in advanced stages of open angle glaucoma (dunlap said this would be a quick easy test question ) What are signs and symptoms of closed angle glaucoma? - ANSWERSOccurs when eye bulges forward -severe headache -eye pain -nausea and vomiting blurred vision -halos around lights -eye redness What are the risk factors of glaucoma? Which are modifiable and which are nonmodifiable? (This is a good SATA question) - ANSWERS-Having high internal eye pressure (intraocular pressure)- modifiable -Being over the age of 60- nonmodifiable -Being black/Asian/Hispanic- nonmodifiable -Having a family history of glaucoma- nonmodifiable -Diabetes- depends on type -heart disease- modifiable - High bld pressure- modifiable -sickle cell- nonmodifiable -anemia- nonmodifiable -Taking corticosteroid medications, especially eye drops for a long period of time What do corticosteroids do? - ANSWERSanti inflammatory What are ways to prevent glaucoma? - ANSWERS-Get regular dilated eye exams -Exercise safely -Know your families history -Take prescribed eye drops regularly -Wear eye protection -If it is recognized early, vision loss can be slowed or prevented. So get yearly eye exams. How would you diagnose glaucoma? - ANSWERS-Visual field test for areas of vision loss measuring intraocular pressure (tonometry) What is WET MDD and what is it caused by? - ANSWERSChronic eye disorder that causes blurred vision or a blind spot in visual field. Caused by a abnormal bld vessel that leaks fluid or blood into the macula. What are the signs and symptoms of Wet MDD? - ANSWERS-Visual distortions (seeing straight lines as bent) -Decreased intensity of colors, may see them as dull -A well-defined blurring spot or blind spot in field of vision -Haziness What is the most important thing to know about dry MDD? - ANSWERScenter of retina has deteriorated What are S&Sx of Dry MDD? - ANSWERS**-Difficulty recognizing faces** -Increased blurriness of printed words What is the definition of sensory perception? - ANSWERSThe ability to receive sensory input and through various physiological processes in the body, translate the stimulus or data into meaningful information. What are the attributes to sensory perception? (this is ALWAYS a SATA question) - ANSWERS-Hearing: Normal Hearing Range in Adults is from 0 dB Hearing Level to 25 dB Hearing Level -Vision: Visual acuity 20/20 Integumentary System: Intact -Gustatory: Sensations that Process Taste (Sweet, Salt, Sour and Bitterness) -Olfactory: Odorants are Sensed What are the antecedents of sensory perception? ( this has also been a SATA question) - ANSWERS-External Stimuli -Intact Neural System -Intact and Functioning, Visual, Gustatory, Auditory and Integumentary Note: All of the Above Can Be Related to Issues of the Life Cycle What are medications used for glaucoma? - ANSWERS-Cholinergics -Beta-blockers -Alpha-androgenic agonists - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors -Prostaglandin analogs What is Peripheral Neuropathy aka Peripheral Artery Disease? - ANSWERSconditions that result when nerves that send messages to and from the brain and spinal cord are damaged or diseased. What are the risk factors of peripheral neuropathy? - ANSWERS-Diabetes, especially if your sugar levels are poorly controlled -Alcohol abuse -Vitamin deficiencies -Infections such as lyme disease, shingles, epstein-barr virus, hepatitis B, C and HIV What are things you can do to prevent peripheral neuropathy? - ANSWERSExercise- swimming, walking, they reduce cramps and improve muscle strength -Good nutrition- lower the bld sugar levels and prevent muscle loss What are the medications to take for peripheral neuropathy? - ANSWERSNonsteroidal inflammatory drugs (Conzip, Ultram) -Anti-sezuire medications (Gralise, Neurontin, Horizant) -Topical treatment such as lidocain patches, capsaicin cream -Antidepressants (Silenor, Zonalon) -Cymbalta What is a corneal abrasion? - ANSWERS- a superficial scratch on the clear, protective "window" at the front of your eye What are the S&Sx of conductive hearing loss? - ANSWERS-Equal loss of hearing at all sound frequencies -If level of sound is greater than the threshold for hearing speech discrimination is good. -Tinnitus -Treat underlying condition What is the treatment for conductive hearing loss? - ANSWERSTreatment - amplification using a hearing aid. Steroids, Antibiotics for Rx. Of Otitis Media What screenings are preformed for conductive hearing loss and hearing in general? - ANSWERSWeber test Rinne test Whisper test Audiometry tests Ear structures Otoscope What are the risk of conductive hearing loss? - ANSWERS-Family history of sensorineural impairment -Congenital malformations of the cranial structure (ear) -Low birth weight (<1500 g) -Use of ototoxic medications (e.g., gentamycin, loop diuretics) -Recurrent ear infections -Bacterial meningitis -Chronic exposure to loud noises -Perforation of the tympanic membrane What is a detached retina? (blunt trauma) - ANSWERSSeparation of the retina from the choroid caused by trauma, gain, diabetes or tumors What are the S&Sx of detached retina? - ANSWERS-The sudden appearance of many floaters (specks in vision) -Flashes of light in 1 or both eyes -Blurred Vision -Gradually reduced peripheral vision when doing the assessment -A curtain like shadow over your vision field How can you repair a detached retina? - ANSWERSPneumatic retinopexy- gas bubble injected into the eye, presses against detached retina and pushes it back in place