NR 503 EPI FINAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
cultural6competence6-6ans--
the6ability6of6providers6and6organizations6to6effectively6deliver6health6care6services6that6
meet6the6social,6cultural,6and6linguistic6needs6of6patients.
is6defined6as6"a6dynamic,6fluid,6continuous6process6whereby6an6individual,6system6or6he
alth6care6agency6find6meaningful6and6useful6care6delivery6strategies6based6on6knowledg
e6of6the6cultural6heritage,6beliefs,6attitudes,6and6behavior6of6those6to6whom6they6render6c
are"
culturally6competent6health6care6system6-6ans--
can6help6improve6health6outcomes6and6quality6of6care6and6can6contribute6to6the6eliminati
on6of6racial6and6ethnic6health6disparities.6ex.6of6strategies6to6move6the6health6care6syste
m6towards6these6goals6include6providing6relevant6training6on6cultural6competence6and6cr
oss6cultural6issues6to6health6professionals6and6creating6policies6that6reduce6administrati
ve6and6linguistic6barriers6to6patient6care.
cultural6awareness6-6ans--
is6their6understanding6of6the6differences6between6themselves6and6people6from6other6cou
ntries6or6other6backgrounds,6especially6differences6in6attitudes6and6values.
Self-examination6of6one's6own6prejudices6and6biases6toward6other6cultures.6An6in-
depth6exploration6of6one's6own6cultural/ethnic6background.
Norms6-6ans--
rules6and6expectations6by6which6a6society6guides6the6behavior6of6its6members6in6any6giv
en6situation.6It6varies6widely6across6cultural6groups.6For6ex.6American6maintain6fairly6dire
ct6eye6contact6when6conversing6with6others.6Asians,6on6the6other6hand,6may6avert6their6
eyes6as6a6sign6of6politeness6ad6respect.
values6-6ans--
the6ideas,6beliefs,6and6attitudes6about6what6is6important6that6help6guide6the6way6you6live.
6It6has6major6influences6on6a6person's6behavior6and6attitude6and6serve6as6broad6guidelin
es6in6all6situations.6some6common6business6____6are6fairness,6innovation,6and6communi
ty6involvement.
The6Kleinman6explanatory6model-6consists6of636sectors.6-6ans--
the6popular6sector,6the6professional6sector6and6the6folk6sector.6the6model6can6be6used6to
6determine6how6individuals6make6decisions.
, socioeconomic6status6(SES)6-6ans--
is6an6economic6and6sociological6combined6total6measure6of6a6person's6work6experience6
and6of6an6individual's6or6family's6economic6and6social6position6in6relation6to6others,6base
d6on6income,6education,6and6occupation.
disparities6-6ans--
the6term6is6often6interpreted6to6mean6racial6or6ethnic6disparities,6many6dimensions6of6dis
parity6exist6in6the6U.S,6particularly6in6health.6If6a6health6outcome6is6seen6to6a6greater6or6l
esser6extent6between6populations,6there6disparity.6Race6or6ethnicity,6sex,6sexual6identity
,6age,6disability,6socioeconomic6status,6and6geographic6location6all6contribute6to6an6indivi
dual's6ability6to6achieve6good6health.6It6is6important6to6recognize6the6impact6that6social6d
eterminants6have6on6health6outcomes6of6specific6populations.6healthy6people6strives6to6i
mprove6the6health6of6all6groups.
Minorities6-6ans--
a6culturally,6ethnically,6or6racially6distinct6group6that6coexists6with6but6is6subordinate6to6a6
more6dominant6group.6as6the6term6is6used6I6the6social6sciences,6this6subordinacy6is6the6
chief6defining6characteristic6of6a6minority6group.6As6such,6minority6status6does6not6neces
sarily6correlate6population.
food6desert6-6ans--an6urban6area6in6which6it6is6difficult6to6buy6affordable6or6good-
quality6fresh6food.
determinant6of6health6-6ans--
the6range6of6personal,6social,6economic,6and6environmental6factors6that6influence6health6
status
determinants6of6health6fall6under6several6broad6categories6-6ans--
policymaking,6social6factors,6health6services,6individuals6behavior,6biology6and6genetics.6
It6is6the6interrelationships6among6these6factors6that6determine6individual6and6population6
health.6Because6of6this,6interventions6that6target6multiple6determinants6of6health6are6mos
t6likely6to6be6effective.6Determinants6of6health6reach6beyond6the6boundaries6of6traditional
6health6care6and6public6health6sectors;6sectors6such6as6education,6housing,6transportatio
n,6agriculture,6and6environment6can6be6important6allies6in6improving6population6health.
Social6determinants6of6health6-6ans--
·6Availability6of6resources6to6meet6daily6needs,6such6as6educational6and6job6opportunitie
s,6living6wages,6or6healthful6foods
·6Social6norms6and6attitudes,6such6as6discrimination
·6Exposure6to6crime,6violence,6and6social6disorder,6such6as6the6presence6of6trash
·6Social6support6and6social6interactions
·6Exposure6to6mass6media6and6emerging6technologies,6such6as6the6Internet6or6cell6phon
es
·6Socioeconomic6conditions,6such6as6concentrated6poverty
·6Quality6schools
ANSWERS
cultural6competence6-6ans--
the6ability6of6providers6and6organizations6to6effectively6deliver6health6care6services6that6
meet6the6social,6cultural,6and6linguistic6needs6of6patients.
is6defined6as6"a6dynamic,6fluid,6continuous6process6whereby6an6individual,6system6or6he
alth6care6agency6find6meaningful6and6useful6care6delivery6strategies6based6on6knowledg
e6of6the6cultural6heritage,6beliefs,6attitudes,6and6behavior6of6those6to6whom6they6render6c
are"
culturally6competent6health6care6system6-6ans--
can6help6improve6health6outcomes6and6quality6of6care6and6can6contribute6to6the6eliminati
on6of6racial6and6ethnic6health6disparities.6ex.6of6strategies6to6move6the6health6care6syste
m6towards6these6goals6include6providing6relevant6training6on6cultural6competence6and6cr
oss6cultural6issues6to6health6professionals6and6creating6policies6that6reduce6administrati
ve6and6linguistic6barriers6to6patient6care.
cultural6awareness6-6ans--
is6their6understanding6of6the6differences6between6themselves6and6people6from6other6cou
ntries6or6other6backgrounds,6especially6differences6in6attitudes6and6values.
Self-examination6of6one's6own6prejudices6and6biases6toward6other6cultures.6An6in-
depth6exploration6of6one's6own6cultural/ethnic6background.
Norms6-6ans--
rules6and6expectations6by6which6a6society6guides6the6behavior6of6its6members6in6any6giv
en6situation.6It6varies6widely6across6cultural6groups.6For6ex.6American6maintain6fairly6dire
ct6eye6contact6when6conversing6with6others.6Asians,6on6the6other6hand,6may6avert6their6
eyes6as6a6sign6of6politeness6ad6respect.
values6-6ans--
the6ideas,6beliefs,6and6attitudes6about6what6is6important6that6help6guide6the6way6you6live.
6It6has6major6influences6on6a6person's6behavior6and6attitude6and6serve6as6broad6guidelin
es6in6all6situations.6some6common6business6____6are6fairness,6innovation,6and6communi
ty6involvement.
The6Kleinman6explanatory6model-6consists6of636sectors.6-6ans--
the6popular6sector,6the6professional6sector6and6the6folk6sector.6the6model6can6be6used6to
6determine6how6individuals6make6decisions.
, socioeconomic6status6(SES)6-6ans--
is6an6economic6and6sociological6combined6total6measure6of6a6person's6work6experience6
and6of6an6individual's6or6family's6economic6and6social6position6in6relation6to6others,6base
d6on6income,6education,6and6occupation.
disparities6-6ans--
the6term6is6often6interpreted6to6mean6racial6or6ethnic6disparities,6many6dimensions6of6dis
parity6exist6in6the6U.S,6particularly6in6health.6If6a6health6outcome6is6seen6to6a6greater6or6l
esser6extent6between6populations,6there6disparity.6Race6or6ethnicity,6sex,6sexual6identity
,6age,6disability,6socioeconomic6status,6and6geographic6location6all6contribute6to6an6indivi
dual's6ability6to6achieve6good6health.6It6is6important6to6recognize6the6impact6that6social6d
eterminants6have6on6health6outcomes6of6specific6populations.6healthy6people6strives6to6i
mprove6the6health6of6all6groups.
Minorities6-6ans--
a6culturally,6ethnically,6or6racially6distinct6group6that6coexists6with6but6is6subordinate6to6a6
more6dominant6group.6as6the6term6is6used6I6the6social6sciences,6this6subordinacy6is6the6
chief6defining6characteristic6of6a6minority6group.6As6such,6minority6status6does6not6neces
sarily6correlate6population.
food6desert6-6ans--an6urban6area6in6which6it6is6difficult6to6buy6affordable6or6good-
quality6fresh6food.
determinant6of6health6-6ans--
the6range6of6personal,6social,6economic,6and6environmental6factors6that6influence6health6
status
determinants6of6health6fall6under6several6broad6categories6-6ans--
policymaking,6social6factors,6health6services,6individuals6behavior,6biology6and6genetics.6
It6is6the6interrelationships6among6these6factors6that6determine6individual6and6population6
health.6Because6of6this,6interventions6that6target6multiple6determinants6of6health6are6mos
t6likely6to6be6effective.6Determinants6of6health6reach6beyond6the6boundaries6of6traditional
6health6care6and6public6health6sectors;6sectors6such6as6education,6housing,6transportatio
n,6agriculture,6and6environment6can6be6important6allies6in6improving6population6health.
Social6determinants6of6health6-6ans--
·6Availability6of6resources6to6meet6daily6needs,6such6as6educational6and6job6opportunitie
s,6living6wages,6or6healthful6foods
·6Social6norms6and6attitudes,6such6as6discrimination
·6Exposure6to6crime,6violence,6and6social6disorder,6such6as6the6presence6of6trash
·6Social6support6and6social6interactions
·6Exposure6to6mass6media6and6emerging6technologies,6such6as6the6Internet6or6cell6phon
es
·6Socioeconomic6conditions,6such6as6concentrated6poverty
·6Quality6schools
