NUR 351 Midterm Study Set questions
with complete solutions graded A+
passed
1) Meeting the patient as a person.
2) Preserving the dignity and personhood of patients.
3) How to respond to substandard practice; things NOT being done properly.
4) Patient advocacy; empowering patients.
5) Engaging in learning to do "good" nursing practice - i.e. getting feedback.
6) Learning how to be present with the patient and family suffering; learning how to not be intrusive but
still be present and learning. - correct answer ✔✔What are the 6 ethical themes regarding formative
learning experiences?
Learners move from:
- Reliance on abstract principles to use of concrete experience as paradigms, to
- A change in the perception of the situation which is seen as less and less a compilation of equally
relevant bits and more and more as a complete whole where only certain parts are relevant, to
- A passage from a detached observer to an involved performer; one who no long stands outside but is
now engaged in the situation. - correct answer ✔✔Explain Benner's (1982) model of skill acquisition
development (novice to expert).
1) Novice
2) Advanced Beginner
3) Competent
4) Proficient
5) Expert - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), what are the five stages of skill acquisition
and development?
Novice - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency has no
experience of situations they are in, so for "entry" purposes they learn objective attributes and rule-
,governed behaviour that is limited and inflexible. Skilled performance is later achieved through
principles and theory, and context-dependent judgements and skills learned in practice.
Advanced Beginner - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency
can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance, understand recurring meaningful situational
components called "aspects of the situation" which require prior experience in actual situations. The
nurse/learner can be taught guidelines about this after exposure to patient cues that indicate levels of
readiness. They can then formulate principles that determine action regarding attributes and aspects.
They note recurrent patterns in situations but need help in setting priorities to avoid getting caught up
with just one thing. Helpful to have nurses with higher level of skill for support in this process.
Competent - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency has been
on the job for 2-3 years and sees actions in terms of long range plans or goals, based on conscious,
abstract, analytic contemplation of the problem. They use conscious deliberate planning for efficiency
and organization and has a feeling of master over the situation and copes well, but is still developing
speed and flexibility of a proficient nurse.
Proficient - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency perceives
situations as wholes, guided by maxims (general truth or rule of conduct). These reflect nuances that less
experienced nurses would miss and a deep understand of the situation is required. Perspective "presents
itself" based on experience and recent events. Meaning of a situation is perceived as a "whole" in terms
of long term goals.
Expert - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency has an
intuitive grasp of a situation based on a lot of experience, which is the "refinement of preconceived
notions and theory through encounters with many actual practical situations that add nuances or shades
of difference to theory". They are not dependent on rules guidelines or maxims, and if they are made to
attend to particulars, or follow formal models or rules their performance can deteriorate.
Level 1: Novice - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse is taught about situations in
terms of objective attributes. There is an ability to use discretionary judgement and because of lack of
experience must use context-free rules to guide their performance.
Level 2: Advanced Beginner - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse can demonstrate
marginally acceptable performance and has coped with enough real life situations to note the recurrent
, meaningful situational components (called aspects). These nurses need support in the clinical setting
still.
Level 3: Competent - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse has been on the job for 2
to 3 years and begins to see their actions in terms of long-range goals. The plan or goal dictates which
attributes are important and which can be ignored. These nurses do not have enough experience to
recognize a situation in terms of an overall picture.
Level 4: Proficient - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse perceives situations as a
whole, rather that in terms of aspects. Their performance is guided by maxims and they are best taught
by the use of case studies where their ability to grasp the situation is solicited and taxed.
Level 5: Expert - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse no long relies on rules,
guidelines, and maxims to connect their understanding of the situation to an appropriate action. These
nurses usually can't give verbal descriptions of performance because they operate from deep
understand (i.e. they just "know").
Professionalism - correct answer ✔✔Qualities or typical features of a profession or professional. A
collection of attitudes and actions; it suggests knowledge and technical skill.
- Knowledge
- Spirit of inquiry (finding solutions to problems)
- Accountability
- Autonomy
- Advocacy
- Innovation and visionary
- Collegiality and collaboration
- Ethics and values - correct answer ✔✔What are some of the attributes of "professionalism"?
The Regulated Health Professions Act (RHPA) - correct answer ✔✔This act sets out the governing
framework for the regulated health professions in Ontario and gives the CNO (in Ontario) the
responsibility for nursing regulation to protect the public interest.
with complete solutions graded A+
passed
1) Meeting the patient as a person.
2) Preserving the dignity and personhood of patients.
3) How to respond to substandard practice; things NOT being done properly.
4) Patient advocacy; empowering patients.
5) Engaging in learning to do "good" nursing practice - i.e. getting feedback.
6) Learning how to be present with the patient and family suffering; learning how to not be intrusive but
still be present and learning. - correct answer ✔✔What are the 6 ethical themes regarding formative
learning experiences?
Learners move from:
- Reliance on abstract principles to use of concrete experience as paradigms, to
- A change in the perception of the situation which is seen as less and less a compilation of equally
relevant bits and more and more as a complete whole where only certain parts are relevant, to
- A passage from a detached observer to an involved performer; one who no long stands outside but is
now engaged in the situation. - correct answer ✔✔Explain Benner's (1982) model of skill acquisition
development (novice to expert).
1) Novice
2) Advanced Beginner
3) Competent
4) Proficient
5) Expert - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), what are the five stages of skill acquisition
and development?
Novice - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency has no
experience of situations they are in, so for "entry" purposes they learn objective attributes and rule-
,governed behaviour that is limited and inflexible. Skilled performance is later achieved through
principles and theory, and context-dependent judgements and skills learned in practice.
Advanced Beginner - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency
can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance, understand recurring meaningful situational
components called "aspects of the situation" which require prior experience in actual situations. The
nurse/learner can be taught guidelines about this after exposure to patient cues that indicate levels of
readiness. They can then formulate principles that determine action regarding attributes and aspects.
They note recurrent patterns in situations but need help in setting priorities to avoid getting caught up
with just one thing. Helpful to have nurses with higher level of skill for support in this process.
Competent - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency has been
on the job for 2-3 years and sees actions in terms of long range plans or goals, based on conscious,
abstract, analytic contemplation of the problem. They use conscious deliberate planning for efficiency
and organization and has a feeling of master over the situation and copes well, but is still developing
speed and flexibility of a proficient nurse.
Proficient - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency perceives
situations as wholes, guided by maxims (general truth or rule of conduct). These reflect nuances that less
experienced nurses would miss and a deep understand of the situation is required. Perspective "presents
itself" based on experience and recent events. Meaning of a situation is perceived as a "whole" in terms
of long term goals.
Expert - correct answer ✔✔According to Benner (1982), a nurse at this level of proficiency has an
intuitive grasp of a situation based on a lot of experience, which is the "refinement of preconceived
notions and theory through encounters with many actual practical situations that add nuances or shades
of difference to theory". They are not dependent on rules guidelines or maxims, and if they are made to
attend to particulars, or follow formal models or rules their performance can deteriorate.
Level 1: Novice - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse is taught about situations in
terms of objective attributes. There is an ability to use discretionary judgement and because of lack of
experience must use context-free rules to guide their performance.
Level 2: Advanced Beginner - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse can demonstrate
marginally acceptable performance and has coped with enough real life situations to note the recurrent
, meaningful situational components (called aspects). These nurses need support in the clinical setting
still.
Level 3: Competent - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse has been on the job for 2
to 3 years and begins to see their actions in terms of long-range goals. The plan or goal dictates which
attributes are important and which can be ignored. These nurses do not have enough experience to
recognize a situation in terms of an overall picture.
Level 4: Proficient - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse perceives situations as a
whole, rather that in terms of aspects. Their performance is guided by maxims and they are best taught
by the use of case studies where their ability to grasp the situation is solicited and taxed.
Level 5: Expert - correct answer ✔✔Level of proficiency in which the nurse no long relies on rules,
guidelines, and maxims to connect their understanding of the situation to an appropriate action. These
nurses usually can't give verbal descriptions of performance because they operate from deep
understand (i.e. they just "know").
Professionalism - correct answer ✔✔Qualities or typical features of a profession or professional. A
collection of attitudes and actions; it suggests knowledge and technical skill.
- Knowledge
- Spirit of inquiry (finding solutions to problems)
- Accountability
- Autonomy
- Advocacy
- Innovation and visionary
- Collegiality and collaboration
- Ethics and values - correct answer ✔✔What are some of the attributes of "professionalism"?
The Regulated Health Professions Act (RHPA) - correct answer ✔✔This act sets out the governing
framework for the regulated health professions in Ontario and gives the CNO (in Ontario) the
responsibility for nursing regulation to protect the public interest.
