AAPD REMEMBERED 100% SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
n In infants, what is the best indicator for future caries? - plaque on maxillary anteriors
A pea-sized amount of fluoridated toothpaste is appropriate for what age range? - age 2-5
In a child under the age of 3, what factors automatically assign that child an S-ECC status? - White spot
lesions, any carious lesion on a smooth surface
Name 7 factors that assign a high caries risk to a 0-5 year old. - 1) Mother/caregiver with active caries; 2)
Parent/caregiver low SES; 3) greater than three between-meal sugar-containing snacks or beverages per
day; 4) Child is put to bed with a bottle containing natural or added sugar; 5) child has greater than 1
DMFS; 6) Child has active white spot lesions or enamel defects; 7) Child has elevated MS levels
Name 3 factors that assign a moderate caries risk to a 0-5 year old. - 1) Child has special health care
needs; 2) Child is a recent immigrant; 3) Child has plaque on teeth
Name the 4 caries protective factors. - 1) Child receives optimally-fluoridated drinking water or fluoride
supplements; 2) Child has teeth brushed daily with fluoridated toothpaste; 3) Child receives topical
fluoride from health professional; 4) Child has dental home/regular dental care
Neural crest cells develop from ________. Name some structures that neural crests are responsible for
forming. - 1) ectoderm on the lateral border of the neural plate. 2) bone, cartilage, dentin, dermis (not
enamel)
Dental lamina begins formation at _______ embryonic age. - 6 weeks
From what structure does dental lamina form? - basal layer of oral epithelium
What structures form from dental lamina? - tooth buds
,At what age does the permanent first molar begin initiation? At what age does the permanent 2nd molar
begin initiation? - 1) 16 weeks in utero 2) 4-5 years
Name the components of the tooth bud. - enamel organ, dental papilla, dental sac
Name the components of the enamel organ. - Inner enamel epithelium (concavity), outer enamel
epithelium (convexity), stellate reticulum (center)
The dental papilla forms from ________. - neural crest
Name the stages of tooth development in order. - Bud stage, cap stage, bell stage, advanced bell stage
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is composed of what structures? - inner and outer enamel epithelia (not
stratum intermedium or stellate reticulum)
The remnants of Hertwig's root sheath persist as _____. - rests of Malassez
Problems in the initiation stage of tooth development lead to anomalies of __________. - Tooth number
Problems in the proliferation stage of tooth development lead to anomalies of __________. - size,
proportion, number, twinning
Problems in the histodifferentiation stage of tooth development lead to anomalies of ____________. -
anomalies of enamel and dentin (enamel hypoplasia, AI, DI, DD)
Problems in the morphodifferentiation stage of tooth development lead to _____________. - Anomalies
of enamel, dentin, and cementum
Is hyperdontia more common in males or females? - males (2:1)
,Is hyperdontia more common in primary or permanent dentition? - permanent dentition (5:1)
Is hyperdontia more common in the maxilla or the mandible? - maxilla (9:1)
Name the most common teeth affected by hypodontia in order of frequency. - 3rd molars, mandibular
2nd premolar, maxillary lateral, maxillary 2nd premolar
Name (9) syndromes associated with hyperdontia. - Apert's, cleidocranial dysplasia, Gardner syndrome,
Crouzon syndrome, Sturge-Weber syndrome, Orofaciodigital syndrome I, Hallerman-Strieff syndrome,
cleft lip and palate, Down syndrome
Describe features of Apert Syndrome. - supernumerary teeth, cleft palate, delayed/ectopic eruption,
shovel shaped incisors, hypoplastic midface, syndactyly, craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, class III with
anterior openbite, crowded dentition
Describe features of cleidocranial dysplasia. - supernumerary teeth, delayed development/eruption,
midface hypoplasia, enamel hypoplasia, missing clavicle, craniosynostosis
Describe features of Gardner Syndrome - supernumerary teeth, osteomas of the jaw, delayed eruption,
colonic polyps
Describe features of Crouzon syndrome. - supernumerary teeth, midface hypoplasia, inverted V shaped
palate, craniosynostosis, exopthalamos
Describe features of Sturge-Weber syndrome - port-wine stains which follow the trigeminal nerve,
supernumerary teeth, overgrowth of maxilla, ipsilateral gyriform calcifications of cerebral cortex, 100%
have seizures, hemiplegia, ocular defects, bleeding and gingival hyperplasia, alveolar bone loss, pyogenic
granulomas
Describe features of orofaciodigital syndrome. - supernumerary teeth and/or hypodontia; multiple or
hyperplastic frenula, cleft tongue
, Describe features of Hallerman-Strieff syndrome. - supernumerary teeth, mandibular hypoplasia, high
palatal vault, delayed primary exfoliation, malar hypoplasia
Describe features of ectodermal dysplasia. - hypodontia, conical crowns, deficient alveolar ridge
Describe features of achondroplasia - hypodontia, short stature, frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia
Describe features of chondroectodermal dysplasia (aka Ellis van Creveld). - hypodontia, conical crowns,
enamel hypoplasia, short stature, lack of maxillary sulcus, premature teeth
Describe features of Incontinentia pigmenti - hypodontia, conical crowns, delayed eruption, premature
teeth, cleft lip/palate, blistering of the skin, hyperpigmentation
Describe features of Rieger syndrome. - Hypodontia, midface hypoplasia, delayed eruption, short
stature, eye malformation
Describe features of Seckel syndrome - hypodontia, microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, dwarfism, large
eyes
Describe features of Williams Syndrome. - Hypodontia, prominent lips, microdontia, enamel hypoplasia,
elflike facial appearance, happy demeanor
Is gemination more common in the primary or permanent dentition? - Primary
Describe twinning. - Complete cleavage of a single tooth bud which results in a supernumerary mirror
image tooth.
What is the cause of taurodontism? - failure of normal invagination of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Name 6 diseases associated with taurodontism. - Klinefelter syndrome, tricho-dento-osseous syndrome,
Mohr syndrome (aka orofaciodigital syndrome II), ectodermal dysplasia, Down syndrome, amelogenesis
imperfecta type IV
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
n In infants, what is the best indicator for future caries? - plaque on maxillary anteriors
A pea-sized amount of fluoridated toothpaste is appropriate for what age range? - age 2-5
In a child under the age of 3, what factors automatically assign that child an S-ECC status? - White spot
lesions, any carious lesion on a smooth surface
Name 7 factors that assign a high caries risk to a 0-5 year old. - 1) Mother/caregiver with active caries; 2)
Parent/caregiver low SES; 3) greater than three between-meal sugar-containing snacks or beverages per
day; 4) Child is put to bed with a bottle containing natural or added sugar; 5) child has greater than 1
DMFS; 6) Child has active white spot lesions or enamel defects; 7) Child has elevated MS levels
Name 3 factors that assign a moderate caries risk to a 0-5 year old. - 1) Child has special health care
needs; 2) Child is a recent immigrant; 3) Child has plaque on teeth
Name the 4 caries protective factors. - 1) Child receives optimally-fluoridated drinking water or fluoride
supplements; 2) Child has teeth brushed daily with fluoridated toothpaste; 3) Child receives topical
fluoride from health professional; 4) Child has dental home/regular dental care
Neural crest cells develop from ________. Name some structures that neural crests are responsible for
forming. - 1) ectoderm on the lateral border of the neural plate. 2) bone, cartilage, dentin, dermis (not
enamel)
Dental lamina begins formation at _______ embryonic age. - 6 weeks
From what structure does dental lamina form? - basal layer of oral epithelium
What structures form from dental lamina? - tooth buds
,At what age does the permanent first molar begin initiation? At what age does the permanent 2nd molar
begin initiation? - 1) 16 weeks in utero 2) 4-5 years
Name the components of the tooth bud. - enamel organ, dental papilla, dental sac
Name the components of the enamel organ. - Inner enamel epithelium (concavity), outer enamel
epithelium (convexity), stellate reticulum (center)
The dental papilla forms from ________. - neural crest
Name the stages of tooth development in order. - Bud stage, cap stage, bell stage, advanced bell stage
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is composed of what structures? - inner and outer enamel epithelia (not
stratum intermedium or stellate reticulum)
The remnants of Hertwig's root sheath persist as _____. - rests of Malassez
Problems in the initiation stage of tooth development lead to anomalies of __________. - Tooth number
Problems in the proliferation stage of tooth development lead to anomalies of __________. - size,
proportion, number, twinning
Problems in the histodifferentiation stage of tooth development lead to anomalies of ____________. -
anomalies of enamel and dentin (enamel hypoplasia, AI, DI, DD)
Problems in the morphodifferentiation stage of tooth development lead to _____________. - Anomalies
of enamel, dentin, and cementum
Is hyperdontia more common in males or females? - males (2:1)
,Is hyperdontia more common in primary or permanent dentition? - permanent dentition (5:1)
Is hyperdontia more common in the maxilla or the mandible? - maxilla (9:1)
Name the most common teeth affected by hypodontia in order of frequency. - 3rd molars, mandibular
2nd premolar, maxillary lateral, maxillary 2nd premolar
Name (9) syndromes associated with hyperdontia. - Apert's, cleidocranial dysplasia, Gardner syndrome,
Crouzon syndrome, Sturge-Weber syndrome, Orofaciodigital syndrome I, Hallerman-Strieff syndrome,
cleft lip and palate, Down syndrome
Describe features of Apert Syndrome. - supernumerary teeth, cleft palate, delayed/ectopic eruption,
shovel shaped incisors, hypoplastic midface, syndactyly, craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, class III with
anterior openbite, crowded dentition
Describe features of cleidocranial dysplasia. - supernumerary teeth, delayed development/eruption,
midface hypoplasia, enamel hypoplasia, missing clavicle, craniosynostosis
Describe features of Gardner Syndrome - supernumerary teeth, osteomas of the jaw, delayed eruption,
colonic polyps
Describe features of Crouzon syndrome. - supernumerary teeth, midface hypoplasia, inverted V shaped
palate, craniosynostosis, exopthalamos
Describe features of Sturge-Weber syndrome - port-wine stains which follow the trigeminal nerve,
supernumerary teeth, overgrowth of maxilla, ipsilateral gyriform calcifications of cerebral cortex, 100%
have seizures, hemiplegia, ocular defects, bleeding and gingival hyperplasia, alveolar bone loss, pyogenic
granulomas
Describe features of orofaciodigital syndrome. - supernumerary teeth and/or hypodontia; multiple or
hyperplastic frenula, cleft tongue
, Describe features of Hallerman-Strieff syndrome. - supernumerary teeth, mandibular hypoplasia, high
palatal vault, delayed primary exfoliation, malar hypoplasia
Describe features of ectodermal dysplasia. - hypodontia, conical crowns, deficient alveolar ridge
Describe features of achondroplasia - hypodontia, short stature, frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia
Describe features of chondroectodermal dysplasia (aka Ellis van Creveld). - hypodontia, conical crowns,
enamel hypoplasia, short stature, lack of maxillary sulcus, premature teeth
Describe features of Incontinentia pigmenti - hypodontia, conical crowns, delayed eruption, premature
teeth, cleft lip/palate, blistering of the skin, hyperpigmentation
Describe features of Rieger syndrome. - Hypodontia, midface hypoplasia, delayed eruption, short
stature, eye malformation
Describe features of Seckel syndrome - hypodontia, microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, dwarfism, large
eyes
Describe features of Williams Syndrome. - Hypodontia, prominent lips, microdontia, enamel hypoplasia,
elflike facial appearance, happy demeanor
Is gemination more common in the primary or permanent dentition? - Primary
Describe twinning. - Complete cleavage of a single tooth bud which results in a supernumerary mirror
image tooth.
What is the cause of taurodontism? - failure of normal invagination of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Name 6 diseases associated with taurodontism. - Klinefelter syndrome, tricho-dento-osseous syndrome,
Mohr syndrome (aka orofaciodigital syndrome II), ectodermal dysplasia, Down syndrome, amelogenesis
imperfecta type IV
