NUR 257
1. During a mumps outbreak at a local school, a patient, who is a school teacher, is exposed.
She has previously been immunized for mumps. What type of immunity does she possess?
A) Acquired immunity
B) Natural immunity
C) Phagocytic immunity
D) Humoral immunity
Answer
A) Acquired immunity
Acquired immunity usually develops as a result of prior exposure to an antigen, often through
immunization.When the body is attacked by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens, it has three
means of defense. The first line of defense, the phagocytic immune response, involves the WBCs
that have the ability to ingest foreign particles. A second protective response is the humoral
immune response, which begins when the B lymphocytes transform themselves into plasma
cells that manufacture antibodies. The natural immune response system is rapid, nonspecific
immunity present at birth.
2. A patients injury has initiated an immune response that involves inflamma- tion. What are the
first cells to arrive at a site of inflammation?
A) Eosinophils
B) Red blood cells
C) Lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils
Answer
D) Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at the site where inflammation occurs. Eosinophils
increase in number during allergic reactions and stress responses, but are not always present
during inflammation. RBCs do not migrate during an immune response.Lymphocytes become
active but do not migrate to the site of inflammation.
,3. A nurse is admitting a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of a nutritional deficit.
Inadequate intake of what nutrient increases a patients susceptibility to infection?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Unsaturated fats
C) Proteins
D) Complex carbohydrates
Answer
C) Proteins
Depletion of protein reserves results in atrophy of lymphoid tissues, depression
of antibody response, reduction in the number of circulating T cells, and impaired phagocytic
function. As a result, the patient has an increased susceptibility to infection. Low intake of fat
and vitamin B12affects health, but is not noted to directly create a risk for infection. Low intake
of complex carbohydrates is not noted to constitute a direct risk factor for infection.
4. A clinic nurse is caring for a patient admitted with AIDS. The nurse has assessed that the
patient is experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The
nurse recognizes that these symptoms are most likely related to the onset of what complication?
A) HIV encephalopathy
B) B-cell lymphoma
C) Kaposis sarcoma
D) Wasting syndrome
Answer
A) HIV encephalopathy
HIV encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive,
behavioral, and motor functions. The other listed complications do not normally have cognitive
and behavioral manifestations.
5. The mother of two young children has been diagnosed with HIV and ex- presses fear of
dying. How should the nurse best respond to the patient?
, A) Would you like me to have the chaplain come speak with you?
B) Youll learn much about the promise of a cure for HIV.
C) Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?
D) You need to maintain hope because you may live for several years.
Answer
C) Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?
The nurse can help the patient verbalize feelings and identify resources for support. The nurse
should respond with an open-ended question to help the patient to identify fears about being
diagnosed with a life-threatening chronic illness. Immediate deferral to spiritual care is not a
substitute for engaging with the patient. The nurse should attempt to foster hope, but not in a way
that downplays the patients expressed fears.
6. A nurse is working with a patient who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. The
nurse should recognize that a patient with HIV is considered to have AIDS at the point when
the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold?
A) 75 cells/mm3 of blood
B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood
C) 325 cells/mm3 of blood
D) 450 cells/mm3 of blood
Answer
B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood
When CD4+ T-cell levels drop below 200 cells/mm3 of blood, the person is said to have AIDS
7. A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response based on a
genetic predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated by what immunoglobulin?
A) Immunoglobulin A
B) Immunoglobulin M
C) Immunoglobulin G
1. During a mumps outbreak at a local school, a patient, who is a school teacher, is exposed.
She has previously been immunized for mumps. What type of immunity does she possess?
A) Acquired immunity
B) Natural immunity
C) Phagocytic immunity
D) Humoral immunity
Answer
A) Acquired immunity
Acquired immunity usually develops as a result of prior exposure to an antigen, often through
immunization.When the body is attacked by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens, it has three
means of defense. The first line of defense, the phagocytic immune response, involves the WBCs
that have the ability to ingest foreign particles. A second protective response is the humoral
immune response, which begins when the B lymphocytes transform themselves into plasma
cells that manufacture antibodies. The natural immune response system is rapid, nonspecific
immunity present at birth.
2. A patients injury has initiated an immune response that involves inflamma- tion. What are the
first cells to arrive at a site of inflammation?
A) Eosinophils
B) Red blood cells
C) Lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils
Answer
D) Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at the site where inflammation occurs. Eosinophils
increase in number during allergic reactions and stress responses, but are not always present
during inflammation. RBCs do not migrate during an immune response.Lymphocytes become
active but do not migrate to the site of inflammation.
,3. A nurse is admitting a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of a nutritional deficit.
Inadequate intake of what nutrient increases a patients susceptibility to infection?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Unsaturated fats
C) Proteins
D) Complex carbohydrates
Answer
C) Proteins
Depletion of protein reserves results in atrophy of lymphoid tissues, depression
of antibody response, reduction in the number of circulating T cells, and impaired phagocytic
function. As a result, the patient has an increased susceptibility to infection. Low intake of fat
and vitamin B12affects health, but is not noted to directly create a risk for infection. Low intake
of complex carbohydrates is not noted to constitute a direct risk factor for infection.
4. A clinic nurse is caring for a patient admitted with AIDS. The nurse has assessed that the
patient is experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The
nurse recognizes that these symptoms are most likely related to the onset of what complication?
A) HIV encephalopathy
B) B-cell lymphoma
C) Kaposis sarcoma
D) Wasting syndrome
Answer
A) HIV encephalopathy
HIV encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive,
behavioral, and motor functions. The other listed complications do not normally have cognitive
and behavioral manifestations.
5. The mother of two young children has been diagnosed with HIV and ex- presses fear of
dying. How should the nurse best respond to the patient?
, A) Would you like me to have the chaplain come speak with you?
B) Youll learn much about the promise of a cure for HIV.
C) Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?
D) You need to maintain hope because you may live for several years.
Answer
C) Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?
The nurse can help the patient verbalize feelings and identify resources for support. The nurse
should respond with an open-ended question to help the patient to identify fears about being
diagnosed with a life-threatening chronic illness. Immediate deferral to spiritual care is not a
substitute for engaging with the patient. The nurse should attempt to foster hope, but not in a way
that downplays the patients expressed fears.
6. A nurse is working with a patient who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. The
nurse should recognize that a patient with HIV is considered to have AIDS at the point when
the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold?
A) 75 cells/mm3 of blood
B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood
C) 325 cells/mm3 of blood
D) 450 cells/mm3 of blood
Answer
B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood
When CD4+ T-cell levels drop below 200 cells/mm3 of blood, the person is said to have AIDS
7. A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response based on a
genetic predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated by what immunoglobulin?
A) Immunoglobulin A
B) Immunoglobulin M
C) Immunoglobulin G
