NACC - PSW Exam Review 200 Questions & Correct Answers 2024/2025

NACC - PSW Exam Review 200 Questions & Correct Answers 2024/2025 NACC - PSW Exam Review 200 Questions & Correct Answers 2024/2025 The Canada Health Act - ANSWER-Which law ensures that every citizen has access to health care? Rising costs of providing technology, drugs and services - ANSWER-The most pressing cause of health care reform has been: Support services provided through home care DO NOT include - ANSWER-Respiratory Therapy A holistic approach to health - ANSWER-Takes into account the whole person Do people with strong emotional health show their emotions easily? - ANSWER-People with strong emotional health do not show their emotions easily. Acute Illness - ANSWER-Appears suddenly and lasts a short time People usually recover from chronic illness - ANSWER-This is not true of chronic illness Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER-A system that arranges human needs into categories Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - ANSWER-the bill identifying human rights that are guaranteed to everyone in Canada; on every level and embedded in the Constitution of Canada Provincial Human Rights Codes - ANSWER-Freedom from discrimination, harassment. Equal treatment with respect to services and facilities, age, sex, ethnicity. Does not promote the right to vote informed consent - ANSWER-Must include information about the nature of the treatment, discuss potential risks and side effects, likely consequences of not having the treatment. Does not include reassurance that this is the best and only option. Negligence - ANSWER-careless neglect, often resulting in injury. Prison term is unlikely. Assault - ANSWER-Intentional attempt or threat to touch a persons body without the persons consent. False Imprisonment - ANSWER-the illegal restraint of another person's movement prejudice - ANSWER-preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience Activities of Daily Living - ANSWER-Self-care activities that people perform to remain independent and function in society Unregulated Health Care Provider - ANSWER-Personal Support Worker Professionalism - ANSWER-An approach to work that demonstrates a respect for others, commitment, competence and appropriate behavior Hospitals - ANSWER-Work settings that provide acute care respite services - ANSWER-service that provides a temporary break to family caregivers Residents in retirement facilities - ANSWER-older adults with limited care needs Membership of the healthcare team - ANSWER-determined by the clients’ needs opportunity for collaboration - ANSWER-benefits of team approach to health care Case manager - ANSWER-evaluates a client’s needs and coordinates the services of the health care in a community team Delegated task responsibility - ANSWER-You, and the RN are responsible Stress - ANSWER-the emotional, behavioral, or physical response to an event or situation. Not influenced by gender. Displacement - ANSWER-When you respond in anger to someone who was not the person who angered you. S.M.A.R.T - ANSWER-Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely Non-maleficence - ANSWER-duty to do no harm, provide a safe environment Autonomy - ANSWER-self-government, respecting personal preferences Function of the Care Plan - ANSWER-Provide central reference point on the clients’ health problems, needs and care for communication and to ensure everyone provides the same care. NOT to provide information that never changes. Subjective Data - ANSWER-things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses; symptoms Graphic sheet - ANSWER-used to record measurements and observations made three to four times per day. Speaker to receiver - ANSWER-exchange of information Verbal communication - ANSWER-expressing ideas to others by using spoken words, NOT the truest reflection of a persons feelings. Closed questions - ANSWER-Questions that can usually be answered with yes or no. Focussing as a communication tool - ANSWER-When a person is rambling Questions - ANSWER-Used to promote good communication receptive aphasia - ANSWER-difficulty understanding spoken or written words, language apraxia of speech - ANSWER-caused by brain injury Dysarthria - ANSWER-difficulty forming words, slurred speech but can understand what is said. Speech and language disorders - ANSWER-Can cause problems relating to family and friends Meniere's disease - ANSWER-disorder of inner ear causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss Not obvious hearing problems - ANSWER-loneliness and isolation If the hearing aid is not working - ANSWER-check that it is turned on Distal - ANSWER-the point farthest from the point of origin medial - ANSWER-relating or located at or near the middle or midline of the body or body part BRP - ANSWER-bathroom privileges STAT - ANSWER-At once, immediately Falls - ANSWER-the most common accident in all settings Fall prevention - ANSWER-wipe up spills, use nightlights, encourage hand rails and grab bars, keep bed in lowest position Bed rails - ANSWER-a device that serves as a guard or barrier along the side of the bed. Only use when supervisor and the care plan tell you to. Fire alarm sounds - ANSWER-turn off oxygen, move clients to a safe place. Close windows and doors. Do NOT use elevators. restraint - ANSWER-a physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior. Can not be used to make work easier. When a restraint is used - ANSWER-Check on the client and the position of the restraint every 15 minutes. Report a pulse in the restrained extremities. Must be able to slide an open hand between the restraint and the client. Signs of Infection - ANSWER-fever, nausea, rash, pain, swelling, redness. NOT bleeding. Aseptic practices - ANSWER-reduce the number of microbes Standard Precautions - ANSWER-Used for all clients Gloves are worn - ANSWER-For blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions, NOT sweat Good body alignment - ANSWER-Having the head, trunk, arms, and legs aligned with one another. qid - ANSWER-four times a day bid - ANSWER-twice a day Support Workers at risk for - ANSWER-Back injuries Friction - ANSWER-A force that opposes motion, skin rubbing on bed sheet When transferring a client - ANSWER-Move the strong side first Plantar flexion - ANSWER-bends the foot downward at the ankle. Use a foot board. Trochanter Roll - ANSWER-rolled up towel or blanket, to control external rotation of the hip Contracture - ANSWER-The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle Flexion - ANSWER-Bending the body part Ambulation - ANSWER-the act of walking. Do not let client shuffle or slide after bed rest A single tip cane - ANSWER-To be used on the strong side Cycle of abuse - ANSWER-honeymoon phase, tension building phase, abusive incident. Both men and women can be abused. Situation with an abusive client - ANSWER-Do not touch the client Not a sign of physical abuse - ANSWER-stiff and sore joints a potential sign of sexual abuse - ANSWER-intense fear of bathing or perineal care financial abuse - ANSWER-stealing, taking advantage of, or threatening someone for financial gain When you suspect a client is being abused - ANSWER-Tell your supervisor Home management duties include - ANSWER-Light housekeeping tasks When working in a clients kitchen - ANSWER-Use paper towel to dry hands Nutrition - ANSWER-the many processes involved in the ingestion, digestion, absorption and use of foods and fluids by the body Protein - ANSWER-needed for tissue growth and repair Daily Value - ANSWER-indicates whether there is a little or a lot of a nutrient in a serving of food Diabetes - ANSWER-A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin. Does not require a sodium restricted diet. Insulin - ANSWER-A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics Diabetic diet - ANSWER-must eat the same amount of carbohydrates, protein and fat each day. Gastronomy tube - ANSWER-The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach. Common reasons for tube feedings - ANSWER-cancer of the esophagus, surgery to the mouth, dysphasia dysphasia - ANSWER-difficulty speaking Aspiration - ANSWER-Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs. Major complication of nasogastric or naso-intestinal tubes. rehabilitation - ANSWER-Restore to normal life. Often slower for older adults. physiotherapist - ANSWER-therapist who treats with exercises and other physical treatments to restore strength and balance Rehabilitation process - ANSWER-addresses the whole person DIPPS - ANSWER-Dignity, independence, preference, privacy, safety Assessment involves - ANSWER-Collecting information about the client Nursing diagnosis - ANSWER-a health problem that can be treated by nursing measures. Trendelenburg position - ANSWER-head of the bed is lowered, foot of the bed is raised Sims position - ANSWER-lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn behind, parallel to the back Fowler's position - ANSWER-a semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees Semi-Fowler's Position - ANSWER-the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees water temperature for bed bath - ANSWER-40.5 degrees (105F) alopecia - ANSWER-hair loss Elastic stockings - ANSWER-reduce swelling in legs, prevent blood clots, exert pressure on the veins. Radiation pain - ANSWER-pain that spreads out from an area Amount of time between medication and procedure - ANSWER-30 minutes How often should a client who tires easily rest? - ANSWER-As often as they need too. Adults of all ages often fear - ANSWER-dying alone Palliative care - ANSWER-Services for all people with a progressive and life-threatening illness that relieves and reduces uncomfortable symptoms The last sense to be lost as death approaches - ANSWER-hearing DNR - ANSWER-do not resuscitate, including no CPR Post-mortem care - ANSWER-care of the body after the body has been pronounced dead Lochia - ANSWER-red vaginal discharge after childbirth abdominal incision - ANSWER-caused by cesarian delivery mastitis - ANSWER-pain and inflammation of the breast When infants are placed for sleep - ANSWER-lay them on their backs. Do not use pillows. Cord and circumcision care - ANSWER-given at every diaper change developmental disability - ANSWER-can occur before birth, at birth, or during childhood or adolescents. Permanent. intellectual disability - ANSWER-impaired ability to learn Cerebral palsy - ANSWER-caused by lack of oxygen to the brain Down syndrom - ANSWER-occurs at fertilization Spastic Cerebral Palsy - ANSWER-problems with posture, balance and movement Spina Bifida - ANSWER-Improper closing of the spine. Common problems are bowel and bladder issues. Infancy stage - ANSWER-first year of life Preschool years - ANSWER-the stage when children begin playing with each other 8 years old - ANSWER-the age when peer group activities become important Psychoanalysis - ANSWER-exploring unconscious conflict and underlying reasons for problems obsessive-compulsive disorder - ANSWER-An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/ or actions bipolar disorder - ANSWER-severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes anorexia nervosa - ANSWER-an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves manic phase of bipolar disorder - ANSWER-behavior becomes disorganized and chaotic, avoid stimulating environment Schizophrenia - ANSWER-delusions of grandeur and hallucinations Substance dependence disorder - ANSWER-The deliberate misuse of medications, illegal drugs, alcohol or other substances. Cognitive - ANSWER-how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. Not related to personality. Delirium - ANSWER-mental disorder marked by confusion; uncontrolled excitement dementia - ANSWER-a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes. Not a normal part of aging. Sundowning - ANSWER-Behaviours become worse in the late afternoon and evening hours Older stomachs - ANSWER-decreased digestive juices position for using a bedpan - ANSWER-fowlers position for bedpan supine position - ANSWER-lying on back, facing upward prone position - ANSWER-lying on abdomen, facing downward do not do this with an indwelling catheter - ANSWER-tape any leaks at connection site indwelling catheter - ANSWER-one that remains inside the body for a prolonged time clean the perineum - ANSWER-before collecting midstream specimens fecal impaction - ANSWER-the prolonged retention and buildup of feces in the rectum bowel training - ANSWER-developing a regular elimination pattern for controlling bowel movements Empty an ostomy pouch - ANSWER-when feces is present Melena - ANSWER-Black tarry stool Ostomy - ANSWER-surgically create an opening Glass thermometer - ANSWER-rarely used in a health care setting radial pulse - ANSWER-the pulse felt at the wrist, most common method adult pulse of 120 bpm - ANSWER-report immediately systolic blood pressure - ANSWER-the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation. Point where the first sound is heard. prevent stasis ulcer - ANSWER-Skin breakdown from inadequate circulation. avoid injury to legs and feet when giving care. serous drainage - ANSWER-clear, watery drainage purulent drainage - ANSWER-thick green, yellow, or brown drainage serosanguineous drainage - ANSWER-thin, watery drainage that is blood-tinged Cyanosis - ANSWER-bluish discoloration of the skin Hypoxia - ANSWER-lack of oxygen in the cells Orthopnea - ANSWER-ability to breathe only in an upright position 5 rights of medication administration - ANSWER-right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time Cell - ANSWER-basic unit of body structure Epidermis - ANSWER-Outer layer of skin How many bones in the body - ANSWER-206 bones Layers of skin - ANSWER-3: Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous Skeletal muscles - ANSWER-Under voluntary control Cerebral cortex - ANSWER-place for the highest functions of the brain Medulla - ANSWER-the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing Arteries - ANSWER-carry blood away from the heart Veins - ANSWER-Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart small intestine - ANSWER-duodenum, jejunum, ileum. where most food absorption takes place. Goal of first aid - ANSWER-to prevent death and prevent injuries from becoming worse During a stroke - ANSWER-loosen tight clothing, keep person quiet and warm, position on unaffected side. a.c - ANSWER-before meals connective tissue - ANSWER-anchors, connects and supports other body tissues hemoglobin - ANSWER-the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives blood its red color homeostasis - ANSWER-steady state or stable internal environment maintained when the organs all work together mastication - ANSWER-the process of chewing perineum - ANSWER-in females, the area between the anus and the vagina joints - ANSWER-Areas where two or more bones join together, allows body movement skeletal muscle - ANSWER-striated and voluntary, appears striped under a microscope Plasma - ANSWER-Liquid part of blood Left Ventricle - ANSWER-part of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged - ANSWER-between the alveoli and capillaries Kidneys - ANSWER-Filter blood from the renal arteries and produce urine as waste Testis - ANSWER-male sex gland Hormones - ANSWER-secretions from endocrine glands that help regulate bodily processes immune system - ANSWER-protects the body from disease and infection secondary dementia - ANSWER-Caused by or related to another disease or condition Vascular dementia - ANSWER-form of dementia caused by a stroke or other restriction of the flow of blood to the brain integumentary system - ANSWER-Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail urinary tract infection - ANSWER-microbial infection of any part of the urinary tract renal failure - ANSWER-loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance Continues...