Cogsci 1B Midterm Spring 2024 -Questions with Correct
Answers/Verified
Toleman's cognitive mapping - ✔✔Learning without reinforcement:
- Learning can happen without reinforcement and when no response is made
- Rat exp #1: one group ran freely, one carried in a basket through a maze, both performed
well
- Rat exp #2: rats were faced with obstacles going thru the maze and they figured it out
-Learning needs to take into account one's mental processes
Lashley's view - ✔✔Complex behaviors are products of planning and organization
Turing machine - ✔✔information processing is an algorithmic process
Neuroscience tools vary in... - ✔✔spatial resolution and temporal resolution
The space of cognitive science - ✔✔x-axis: cognitive domains
y-axis: tools
z-axis: levels of organization
Behaviorism - ✔✔View that denied the existence of the mind
-psych should study relationship between stimuli and behavioral responses
Lashley's task analysis - ✔✔We can understand a task by breaking it down into subtasks
Lashley's subconscious information processing - ✔✔We are aware of our goals and plans
but not of the information processing that takes place to translate those goals into actions
Noam Chomsky - ✔✔Distinguished between deep structure (meaning, how it's built up) of a
sentence from surface structure (organization) of a sentence
, How much information can we handle - ✔✔Human's perceptual systems are information
channels that have built-in limits
-We can only handle around seven items at a time
Dichotic listening experiments - ✔✔Supported filter model of attention: everything is picked
up on to a certain extent
-People could pick up on their own name in the other ear or words like fire but not any
other information
Within-subjects vs Between subjects - ✔✔Within: each participant completes each
condition
Between: separate participants
Mind-body problem - ✔✔Connection/relationship between mind and body
Monism - ✔✔There is only one kind of substance in the universe
-Idealism: everything including the material world is mind
-Materialism: everything including the mind is physical (most cognitive scientists hold this
view)
Dualism - ✔✔Belief in both mental and physical substances, mind and brain are 2 separate
things
Functionalism - ✔✔We need to emphasize function to understand how things produce their
effects
Physical symbol system hypothesis - ✔✔- A physical symbol system has the means for
general intelligent action
- Intelligent behavior involves transforming physical symbols according to rules, we are like
computers
Answers/Verified
Toleman's cognitive mapping - ✔✔Learning without reinforcement:
- Learning can happen without reinforcement and when no response is made
- Rat exp #1: one group ran freely, one carried in a basket through a maze, both performed
well
- Rat exp #2: rats were faced with obstacles going thru the maze and they figured it out
-Learning needs to take into account one's mental processes
Lashley's view - ✔✔Complex behaviors are products of planning and organization
Turing machine - ✔✔information processing is an algorithmic process
Neuroscience tools vary in... - ✔✔spatial resolution and temporal resolution
The space of cognitive science - ✔✔x-axis: cognitive domains
y-axis: tools
z-axis: levels of organization
Behaviorism - ✔✔View that denied the existence of the mind
-psych should study relationship between stimuli and behavioral responses
Lashley's task analysis - ✔✔We can understand a task by breaking it down into subtasks
Lashley's subconscious information processing - ✔✔We are aware of our goals and plans
but not of the information processing that takes place to translate those goals into actions
Noam Chomsky - ✔✔Distinguished between deep structure (meaning, how it's built up) of a
sentence from surface structure (organization) of a sentence
, How much information can we handle - ✔✔Human's perceptual systems are information
channels that have built-in limits
-We can only handle around seven items at a time
Dichotic listening experiments - ✔✔Supported filter model of attention: everything is picked
up on to a certain extent
-People could pick up on their own name in the other ear or words like fire but not any
other information
Within-subjects vs Between subjects - ✔✔Within: each participant completes each
condition
Between: separate participants
Mind-body problem - ✔✔Connection/relationship between mind and body
Monism - ✔✔There is only one kind of substance in the universe
-Idealism: everything including the material world is mind
-Materialism: everything including the mind is physical (most cognitive scientists hold this
view)
Dualism - ✔✔Belief in both mental and physical substances, mind and brain are 2 separate
things
Functionalism - ✔✔We need to emphasize function to understand how things produce their
effects
Physical symbol system hypothesis - ✔✔- A physical symbol system has the means for
general intelligent action
- Intelligent behavior involves transforming physical symbols according to rules, we are like
computers
