Overflow – ANSWER error that occurs when the number of bits is insufficient
to hold the number, similar to a car's odometer "rolling over"
Round-off ANSWER mistake occurs when the number of bits is insufficient to
represent the actual number, such as 3 digits to represent π as 3.14.
Lossy - ANSWER Compressing data in a way that discards some data and
makes it practically hard to recover the original, great compression, such as
JPEG photographs.
Lossless - ANSWER Compressing data in a way that maintains all data and
permits full recovery of the original, decent compression—usually not as good
as lossy, as PNG images.
Metadata – ANSWER data about data, such as a camera recording the position,
aperture, and shutter speed for a digital shot.
Sequencing - ANSWER code proceeds line by line, one after another, like in a
recipe.
Selection is a boolean condition that determines which of two algorithmic paths
is chosen, often known as if-then.
Iteration is achieved by employing a looping control structure such as while,
for, foreach, repeat, repeat-until, and so on.
Reasonable Time - A polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in
the worst-case scenario based on the input size.
Not acceptable time - ANSWER Usually exponential in the number of steps,
such as doubling every time your input increases by one.
,Heuristic - ANSWER employing a "rule" to guide an algorithm, such as always
walking towards the north star if you were stranded in a wilderness.
Undecidable - say A problem so difficult that we can't ever construct an
algorithm that can say yes or no for all inputs, such as determining if a user's
program run on some input would always cease and not run forever.
Linear Search - ANSWER Going one at a time vs starting in the middle and
going left/right like looking for a word in the dictionary
Binary Search - ANSWER demands that the list be sorted in order and then cut
in half.
APIs: ANSWER Application Programming Interface
Citizen Science - ANSWER Many people can help with a scientific project,
such as asking everyone in the world to count the butterflies they observe one
day.
Cloud computing is the use of distributed calculations and/or storage for
massive data or a web application.
Crowdsourcing entails asking a large number of online users to help with
anything, such as sponsoring a project or running SETI@Home to seek for
extraterrestrial signals.
Creative Commons is an alternative to copyright that allows people to specify
how they want their artistic products to be shared, remixed, and utilized in
nonprofit contexts, as well as how the policy should propagate with remixed
copies.
Open Access is a policy that permits anyone to have read access to items, such
as libraries or internet data.
Moore's Law - ANSWER The number of transistors on a chip doubles every
two years.
, Peer-to-peer networks - ANSWER A system in which one user's computer
connects to another user's computer via the Internet without passing via an
intermediary "centralized" computer to manage the connection.
Digital divide - ANSWER The assumption that some groups / populations have
less access to computing than others.
ISP - Answer Internet Service Provider
How does internet communication reach its destination? - ANSWER Speech on
the Internet moves from the source to an ISP, into the cloud, out of the cloud to
another ISP, and to its destination.
How can the government control online speech? - ANSWER 1) It may attempt
to restrict the speaker or the speaker's ISP by criminalizing specific types of
communication. However, if the speaker and listener are not in the same nation,
this will not work.
2)It can attempt to regulate the listener by forbidding the ownership of specific
types of materials. In the United States, it is illegal to possess copyrighted
software without a proper license, as well as to possess other copyrighted
information with the purpose to profit from spreading it.
3) The government can attempt to regulate the intermediaries.
How can Internet posters avoid being guilty of defamation or slander on the
internet? - ANSWER The posters might avoid culpability as long as they
remained anonymous, which they could readily do on the Internet.
What guidance has Congress given ISPs in an Internet Defamation case? -
ANSWER Congress had provided ISPs entire immunity from liability for the
effects of false and misleading statements, even when the ISP was aware they
were untrue.
Internet Protocol Hourglass - ANSWER Each protocol only communicates with
the layers immediately above and below it, and all data is converted into IP bit
packets before being routed from an application to one of the network's physical
media.
-Email, Website, and Phone
-SMTP, HTTP.
to hold the number, similar to a car's odometer "rolling over"
Round-off ANSWER mistake occurs when the number of bits is insufficient to
represent the actual number, such as 3 digits to represent π as 3.14.
Lossy - ANSWER Compressing data in a way that discards some data and
makes it practically hard to recover the original, great compression, such as
JPEG photographs.
Lossless - ANSWER Compressing data in a way that maintains all data and
permits full recovery of the original, decent compression—usually not as good
as lossy, as PNG images.
Metadata – ANSWER data about data, such as a camera recording the position,
aperture, and shutter speed for a digital shot.
Sequencing - ANSWER code proceeds line by line, one after another, like in a
recipe.
Selection is a boolean condition that determines which of two algorithmic paths
is chosen, often known as if-then.
Iteration is achieved by employing a looping control structure such as while,
for, foreach, repeat, repeat-until, and so on.
Reasonable Time - A polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in
the worst-case scenario based on the input size.
Not acceptable time - ANSWER Usually exponential in the number of steps,
such as doubling every time your input increases by one.
,Heuristic - ANSWER employing a "rule" to guide an algorithm, such as always
walking towards the north star if you were stranded in a wilderness.
Undecidable - say A problem so difficult that we can't ever construct an
algorithm that can say yes or no for all inputs, such as determining if a user's
program run on some input would always cease and not run forever.
Linear Search - ANSWER Going one at a time vs starting in the middle and
going left/right like looking for a word in the dictionary
Binary Search - ANSWER demands that the list be sorted in order and then cut
in half.
APIs: ANSWER Application Programming Interface
Citizen Science - ANSWER Many people can help with a scientific project,
such as asking everyone in the world to count the butterflies they observe one
day.
Cloud computing is the use of distributed calculations and/or storage for
massive data or a web application.
Crowdsourcing entails asking a large number of online users to help with
anything, such as sponsoring a project or running SETI@Home to seek for
extraterrestrial signals.
Creative Commons is an alternative to copyright that allows people to specify
how they want their artistic products to be shared, remixed, and utilized in
nonprofit contexts, as well as how the policy should propagate with remixed
copies.
Open Access is a policy that permits anyone to have read access to items, such
as libraries or internet data.
Moore's Law - ANSWER The number of transistors on a chip doubles every
two years.
, Peer-to-peer networks - ANSWER A system in which one user's computer
connects to another user's computer via the Internet without passing via an
intermediary "centralized" computer to manage the connection.
Digital divide - ANSWER The assumption that some groups / populations have
less access to computing than others.
ISP - Answer Internet Service Provider
How does internet communication reach its destination? - ANSWER Speech on
the Internet moves from the source to an ISP, into the cloud, out of the cloud to
another ISP, and to its destination.
How can the government control online speech? - ANSWER 1) It may attempt
to restrict the speaker or the speaker's ISP by criminalizing specific types of
communication. However, if the speaker and listener are not in the same nation,
this will not work.
2)It can attempt to regulate the listener by forbidding the ownership of specific
types of materials. In the United States, it is illegal to possess copyrighted
software without a proper license, as well as to possess other copyrighted
information with the purpose to profit from spreading it.
3) The government can attempt to regulate the intermediaries.
How can Internet posters avoid being guilty of defamation or slander on the
internet? - ANSWER The posters might avoid culpability as long as they
remained anonymous, which they could readily do on the Internet.
What guidance has Congress given ISPs in an Internet Defamation case? -
ANSWER Congress had provided ISPs entire immunity from liability for the
effects of false and misleading statements, even when the ISP was aware they
were untrue.
Internet Protocol Hourglass - ANSWER Each protocol only communicates with
the layers immediately above and below it, and all data is converted into IP bit
packets before being routed from an application to one of the network's physical
media.
-Email, Website, and Phone
-SMTP, HTTP.
