Exam Bank Solution Manual for EOSC 114 - Earthquakes Already Passed

Exam Bank Solution Manual for EOSC 114 - Earthquakes Already Passed ____ are primary effects of earthquakes while ____ are secondary effects - Answers ground shaking and surface rupture...land-level change and liquefication first wave recorded on a seismogram - Answers p-wave after a fault ruptures (moves) - Answers elastic deformation concentrates stress at the ends of the rupture as the complex package of seismic energy travels through the Earth, the nature of this package changes. Which of the following is TRUE about seismic waves? - Answers Higher frequencies are attenuated (reduced in strength) more rapidly than lower frequencies based on a renewal forecast for great (M9+) Cascadia earthquakes, the probability of such a quake occurring since 1700 ____ with time - Answers increases careful observations of ground motion all along a fault show that _____ - Answers portions of the fault may move much more than other portions determination of Richter magnitude of an earthquake requires knowledge of - Answers maximum amplitude on seismogram and distance to earthwake earthquake moment magnitude calculation is based on three of the following four quantities. Which is NOT part of this calculation? - Answers the shear wave amplitude Evidence that rocks can deform PLASTICALLY can be found - Answers in the curves and bends of the layers seen in some mountain ranges mitigating the damage to buildings may involve all of the following EXCEPT - Answers building "soft" stories one reason that soft rocks are more hazardous for structures than hard rocks is - Answers seismic waves generally have amplitude in soft rocks p-waves can travel through - Answers gases, liquids, and solids regarding the Cascadia subduction zone, which one of the following is true? - Answers a huge earthquake occurred at this subduction zone at 9:00 PM local time on January 26th, 1700 slowest and most damaging seismic waves - Answers surface surface waves with a rolling motion - Answers Rayleigh surface waves with a side-to-side motion - Answers love the "moment magnitude" is found by multiplying - Answers rock strength, slip distance, and fault area the "seismic moment" describes how much energy was released by an earthquake. It is a number found by multiplying - Answers rock strength, fault slip distance, total fault area the 1949 earthquake in the Queen Charlotte Islands was about the same magnitude as the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco. Why was there so much more property damage as a result of the San Francisco earthquake and little damage done by the Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake? - Answers few people lived in the area of strong shaking in the Queen Charlottes and there was little property damage the fault near Vancouver which produced the largest earthquakes is the ____ which can produce magnitude ____ earthquakes - Answers Cascadia subduction zone fault, 9 the pacific plate is moving steadily across the globe at a rate of a few centimeters per year in what direction - Answers north-westwards towards Alaska, Kamchatca, and Japan the primary cause of earthquake related deaths in modern times is from - Answers being crushed by collapsing buildings the process of establishing a model of the Earth by "inverting" seismic data involves - Answers using large quantities of seismic data to figure out details about Earth's structure there are as many as 1500 to 2000 earthquakes in western Canada every year. Most of them tend to be - Answers too small to be felt by people travels through solids only - Answers s waves two earthquakes occur in the same are by at separate times. Earthquake A has a magnitude of 5.5 and earthquake B has a magnitude 7.5. Which statement is TRUE? - Answers the ground moved 100 times less in event A as it did in event B using the S-P timing method, epicenters can be located using seismograms from a minimum of three recording stations if we know or can assume the ____ - Answers s and p wave velocities what is the importance of the recurrence interval (frequency through time) of large earthquakes along a fault? - Answers it is an estimate of the probability of future damaging earthquake what is the minimum number of independent seismograms needed to estimate an earthquake's' location? - Answers 3 when building in an earthquake zone, which ground type would be the WORST to buld on? - Answers loose west sediment where do most large-magnitude earthquakes occur? - Answers where plates converge which combination of factors is most likely to topple a high-rise building? - Answers long duration low frequency ground motion on soft ground which form of earthquake magnitude is based upon the actual energy released at the hypocentre? - Answers moment magnitude which is FALSE? - Answers subduction zone earthquakes are the most frequent, but the least damaging because of their depth which is MOST likely to damage a building? - Answers horizontal ground motion causing the building to move side to side at its natural frequency which is the following aspects of earthquake prediction can we feel confidence about (we know is most likely correct)? - Answers the type of ground motion expected at a location where ground motion from previous earthquakes has been recorded which of the following correctly describes how faults rupture? - Answers maximum fault slip occurs at the epicenter which of the following does NOT measure permanent ground motion? - Answers seismometeres which of the following does NOT suggest that 'great' earthquakes occur along the Cascadia subduction zone? - Answers lots of small earthquakes along the subduction interface which of the following is one of the forces that drive the motion of Earth's tectonic plates? - Answers gradual buildup of stress due to straining at fault boundaries