VTNE practice questions with correct answers

VTNE practice questions with correct answers An animal that is dehydrated before surgery may require a _____ because _____ of the cell volume occurs after rehydration. a) blood/plasma transfusion; dilution b) blood/plasma transfusion; hemoconcentration c) splenectomy; hemoconcentration d) splenectomy; sequestration - Answer-a) blood/plasma transfusion; dilution Rehydration may necessitate a blood or plasma transfusion because dilution of the blood cell volume occurs with rehydration. Platelets in mammals: a) appear within RBC agglutinations in cases of hemolytic anemia. b ) do not have nuclei. c) appear as microfilaria in a Wright-stain smear. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 2/145 d) are too small to be detected, even clumped, on the feathered edge of a blood smear. - Answer-b) Do not have a nuclei In mammals, platelets are nonnucleated fragments of cytoplasm released from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Fleas are: a) endoparasites. b)pseudoparasites. c) periodic parasites. d) ectoparasties - Answer-Ectoparasites Parasites are divided into two large groups: endoparasites (internal parasites), which include nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, protozoa, and acanthocephalans; and ectoparasites (external parasites), which include fleas. Actinobacillosis is usually treated with antibiotics, an antiinflammatory drug, and intravenous administration of: EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 3/145 a) sodium iodide. b) penicillin c) dexamethasone. d) oxytetracycline. - Answer-a) sodium iodide. Actinobacillosis (wooden tongue) is diagnosed by oral examination and biopsy, with isolation of the organism. It is treated with sodium iodide and antibiotics, as well as antiinflammatory drugs. In the infection process, a reservoir refers to: a) transmission of infection by direct contact with skin, secretions, excretions, or mucous membranes of an infected animal. b) the portal of entry by which the pathogen gains entry into a new host. c) a pathogen's mode of transmission. d) an animal, insect, or fomite in or on which a pathogen can survive. - Answer-d) an animal, insect, or fomite in or on which a pathogen can survive. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 4/145 A reservoir can be an animal, insect, or fomite (an inanimate substance or object such as water, a bowl, a cage, clipper blades, an instrument, a towel, or scrubs) in or on which a pathogen can survive Treatment for galactostasis: a) is indicated during the first 1 to 3 weeks of the postpartum period. b) is begun during weaning and focuses on decreasing milk production and inflammation, using warm compresses. c)focuses on treating the inflammation and massaging the affected mammary gland. d) involves a decrease in milk production, coupled with cold compresses to reduce ever. - Answer-b) is begun during weaning and focuses on decreasing milk production and inflammation, using warm compresses. Treatment is begun if galactostasis occurs during the weaning period and focuses on decreasing milk production (reducing food and water intake and preventing nursing) and decreasing inflammation with gentle application of warm compresses. An allergic disease associated with airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and excessive mucous production is: a) influenza. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 5/145 b) herpes. c) recurrent airway obstruction. d)viral arteritis. - Answer-c) recurrent airway obstruction Heaves, or recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), is an allergic airway disease caused by airway inflammation, narrowing of small airways (bronchoconstriction), and excessive mucus production. The analgesic effect of NSAIDs is due to: a) interaction with receptors in the central nervous system. b) interaction with specific opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. c) interaction with histamine receptors. d)modification of the inflammatory response. - Answer-modification of the inflammatory response. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide analgesia by modifying the inflammatory response. A 10% concentration of solution contains _____ of a dug per _____ of solution. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 6/145 a) 1 g; 100 ml b)1 mg; 10 ml c) 10 mL; 100 mL d)100 g; 100 ml - Answer-c) 10 mL; 100 mL Percent solutions can be expressed as vol/vol, meaning the number of milliliters (mL) of a drug in 100 mL of solution. For example, a 10% solution (vol/vol) solution contains 10 mL of a drug in 100 mL of solution. Cushing syndrome, or _____, primarily affects dogs and is characterized by _____. a)hypothyroidism; an underactive thyroid, resulting in subnormal circulating levels of the thyroid hormones, which causes a subsequent decrease in the metabolic rate b) diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA); the presence of ketones in the urine c) hypoadrenocorticism; inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, primarily cortisol and aldosterone d) hyperadrenocorticism; elevated circulating levels of cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex - Answer-d) hyperadrenocorticism; elevated circulating levels of cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 7/145 Hyperadrenocorticism, or Cushing syndrome, is a disease that primarily affects dogs and is characterized by elevated circulating levels of cortisol (hypercortisolemia) produced by the adrenal cortex. Which drugs can be administered safely via the endotracheal route? a)Atropine, lidocaine, epinephrine, naloxone, vasopressin b) Dopamine, epinephrine c) Corticosteroids, atropine, vasopressin d) Epinephrine, naloxone only - Answer-a ) Atropine, lidocaine, epinephrine, naloxone, vasopressin Drugs that are safe to administer through an endotracheal tube are easily remembered by the acronym NAVEL (naloxone, atropine, vasopressin, epinephrine, lidocaine). Two tests that can evaluate the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade are the activated clotting time (ACT) and the _____, which measu