PHYS190 D100 Introduction to Astronomy midterm MC&FIB Quiz (answered)

Midterm 1 MC&FIB Quiz Due Oct 10 at 11:30am  Which of the following is another way of writing 1.2 x 1013? The average distance between Pluto and the Sun is _________ AU. Give the value quoted in class, and express your answer as a round number in numeral form, no decimal point (example: 100, not 100. or one hundred). What is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun in kilometres? 5 8 6 4 7 Question 4 1 / 1 pts 30 450 300 4 500 3 000  Question 5 1 / 1 pts 100 billion 100 trillion 1 trillion 10 billion 10 trillion  Question 6 1 / 1 pts 200 thousand 20 million 2 million 200 million  Question 7 1 / 1 pts In about 40 years, Voyager 1 will reach a distance of about 45 billion km from the Earth. Approximately how many AU is that? Choose the closest answer from this list. What is the approximate value of a light-year in kilometres? Approximately how far is the Andromeda Galaxy in light years? Choose the closest answer from this list 1 billion 100 billion 10 billion 1 trilion  Question 8 1 / 1 pts 88  Question 9 1 / 1 pts January 1 at 12:01AM The answer is constantly changing as the current time changes. December 31 at 11:59PM December 31 at midnight  Question 10 1 / 1 pts Jan. 14 Feb. 28 Jan. 7 Feb. 14 Jan. 31 Approximately how far are the most distant galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field in light years? Choose the closest answer from this list. The number of officially recognized constellations is ___________. Enter a round number in numerical form, e.g. 10, not 10. or ten. In the cosmic calendar, what time is it right now? The first stars formed about 500 million years after the Big Bang. In the cosmic calendar, that occurred on about which date? Choose the closest answer in this list.  Question 11 1 / 1 pts at both the spring and autumnal equinoxes Trick question! The Sun is never on the celestial equator at the autumnal equinox at the spring equinox  Question 12 1 / 1 pts west east south north  Question 13 1 / 1 pts When is the Sun on the celestial equator? An observer at mid-northern latitudes took a time exposure photograph of the night sky that is illustrated above. In which direction was the camera pointing? straight up, directly overhead south east west  Question 14 1 / 1 pts all of the given answers apply the Moon the planets the Sun  Question 15 1 / 1 pts in winter skies in spring skies An observer at mid-northern latitudes took a time exposure photograph of the night sky that is illustrated above. The camera was pointed in one of the following directions, which one was it? Which celestial objects are always found on, or near, the ecliptic? The constellation Scorpius is best seen in the summer (in the northern hemisphere). In 13,000 years it will be best seen Trick question! It will always be seen in the same season in fall skies  Question 16 1 / 1 pts the location of Earth in its orbit the constellation being in the zodiac a slow drift of Earth's spin axis the tilt of Earth's axis  Question 17 1 / 1 pts The planets sometimes stopped moving and then reversed to move backward along their circular orbits The model showed that apparent retrograde motion occurs as Earth passes by another planet in its orbit of the Sun The planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the Earth The planets resided on giant spheres that sometimes turned clockwise and sometimes turned counterclockwise  Question 18 1 / 1 pts Earth overtakes Mars on our inside orbit Mars laps the Earth and passes between us and the Sun Mars lies on the far side of the Sun Mars lies more than 90 degrees east or west of the Sun A constellation that is best seen on summer evenings cannot be seen on winter evenings. This is because of How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets? According to Copernicus, retrograde motion of Mars occurs around the time when  Question 19 1 / 1 pts his intricate calculations of the orbital motions of the planets his visual observations of the phases of Venus his improvements to Copernicus' heliocentric model his 20 years of careful observations of the planets  Question 20 1 / 1 pts Galileo Newton Kepler Brahe Copernicus  Question 21 1 / 1 pts Its orbital period is necessarily more than a year All of the given answers apply It is necessarily farther from the Sun than the Earth It necessarily moves more slowly in its orbit then Earth  Question 22 What was Tycho Brahe's greatest contribution to astronomy? After completing nearly 20 years of careful mathematical analysis at the beginning of the 17th century, he proposed laws of planetary motion that represented a "complete reformation in astronomy" An asteroid has an orbit about the Sun with a semi-major axis of 2 AU. Which of the following statements is necessarily true about the asteroid's orbit? 1 / 1 pts 8  Question 23 1 / 1 pts Law I Law II Law III  Question 24 1 / 1 pts north east west south  Question 25 1 / 1 pts gravity basic mathematics gravity and motion If an asteroid in our solar system were found in an orbit with a semi-major axis of 4 AU, its orbital period would be ________ years. Enter a round one-digit number in numerical form, no words or symbols (e.g. 2, not 2. or two). A comet on a highly elliptical orbit speeds up as it approaches the Sun. Which of Kepler's three laws explains the speedup? When an outer planet undergoes retrograde motion, in which direction does it primarily appear to move relative to the background stars? Galileo overturned 2,000 years of Aristotelian thinking about motion gravity, motion, and basic mathematics  Question 26 1 / 1 pts Answer 1: decrease Answer 2: 9  Question 27 1 / 1 pts The tool would continue to orbit the Earth alongside them It would begin to escape from the Earth The tool would fall below them, directly to the Earth The tool would begin to trail behind them  Question 28 1 / 1 pts A sideways force is needed to keep the Moon in motion A force is needed to "hold" the Moon in its orbit If the Earth's distance from the Sun was increased by a factor of 3, the gravitational force exerted by the Sun on the Earth would decrease by a factor of 9 . In the 1 answer blank, enter either the word increase or the word decrease (just the single word in lower case letters, no spaces, punctuation, or other symbols). In 2 answer blank, give a round number in numeral form, without a decimal, and no letters (example: 3, not 3., or three, or 3X). st nd Suppose that an astronaut very gently lets go of one of their tools while working on the Hubble telescope in orbit. Which one of the following scenarios describes the subsequent motion of the tool, if it is not attached to anything? What was the basis for Isaac Newton's conclusion that a force from the Earth must be acting on the Moon? Without a force the Moon would spiral away from the Earth The Moon is constantly being accelerated towards the Earth A force is required to accelerate towards the Earth, along with a sideways force that is needed to keep the Moon in motion  Question 29 1 / 1 pts They wouldn't be any seasonal variations. The seasonal variations would be much more severe than in the case of the Earth That would depend on whether or not the axis precesses The answer depends on how elliptical the orbit is  Question 30 1 / 1 pts at the north pole at the south pole Trick question! There is no point on the Earth's surface where this is possible somewhere on the equator A new planet is discovered in an elliptical orbit with a rotation axis that is perpendicular to its orbital plane, as illustrated below? What kind of seasonal variations would the planet experience? If the north celestial pole is on the horizon, where are you?  Question 31 1 / 1 pts 4 3 2 1  Question 32 1 / 1 pts 3 2 4 1  Question 33 1 / 1 pts At which point in our orbit are days the longest in the Northern Hemisphere? Which point in the previous figure corresponds to the start of spring at mid-northern latitudes? The lunar cycle that takes 27.3 days is known as the _____________ lunar month. One-word answer, exact spelling required, all lower-case letters, no spaces. hyphens or other symbols. sidereal  Question 34 1 / 1 pts synodic  Question 35 1 / 1 pts a partial solar eclipse an umbral solar eclipse an annular solar eclipse a penumbral solar eclipse  Question 36 1 / 1 pts annular solar partial lunar partial solar total lunar  Question 37 1 / 1 pts The lunar cycle that runs from one New moon to the next is known as the _____________ lunar month. One-word answer, exact spelling required, all lower-case letters, no spaces, hyphens, or other symbols. What is the term for a solar eclipse in which the Moon's umbra does not reach the Earth's surface, even though the umbra is directly in line with Earth's surface? If only part of a full Moon passes through Earth's shadow, which eclipse occurs? During which type of solar eclipse can the Sun's corona be seen from Earth? total total and annular annular total, annular, and partial  Question 38 1 / 1 pts Actually, there would be only minor changes to the properties of eclipses more frequent shorter longer rarer  Question 39 1 / 1 pts Waxing crescent Waxing gibbous Waning gibbous Waning crescent  Question 40 1 / 1 pts Waning gibbous Waxing crescent Waning crescent If the Moon's orbital plane was the same as the ecliptic plane, eclipses would be much ... If tonight you can barely see a very thin crescent Moon in the glare of sunset, what phase will the Moon have in 10 days ? When the Moon rises about an hour before the sun sets, what phase is it in? Waxing gibbous  Question 41 1 / 1 pts First-quarter Earth Trick question! Earth does not go through phases as seen from the Moon Third-quarter Earth Full Earth New Earth  Question 42 1 / 1 pts Once a sidereal lunar month Trick question! The astronaut would never see the Earth rise or set Once a synodic lunar month Roughly every 24 hours Suppose that it is New Moon. What phase would Earth have as seen from the Moon? On Earth we see the Moon rise and set once a day. For an astronaut on the Moon’s side closest to the Earth, the Earth would rise and set ….