BCPS Exam 2024-2025 Questions &
Answers 100% Correct!!
Unpaired T-test - ANSWERContinuous data
2 independent samples
Paired T-test - ANSWERContinuous data
2 paired samples
ANOVA - ANSWERContinuous outcome data
Categorical exposure data
3+ independent variables
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test (Mann-Whitney U Test) - ANSWEROrdinal data
2 independent samples
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test - ANSWEROrdinal data
2 paired samples
Chi Squared Test - ANSWERCategorical data
2 independent samples
Values >5
Fisher's Exact Test - ANSWERCategorical data
2 independent samples
Values <5
,ANCOVA - ANSWERContinuous outcome data
Categorical exposure data
3+ independent variables
Controls for covariates
McNemar Test - ANSWERCategorical data
2 paired samples
Kruskal-Wallis Test - ANSWEROrdinal data
3+ independent samples
≥3 high risk
Warfarin - ANSWERMOA: Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, preventing production of clotting
factors 2 (72h), 7 (6h), 9 (24h), 10 (36h) and inhibits activation of protein C and S
S-warfarin is 5x more potent than R-warfarin
Antibiotics reduce vitamin K synthesis by the intestinal flora
Warfarin clearance affected by amiodarone, propafenone, cimetidine
Enzyme inducers - ANSWERphenytoin
phenobarbital
carbamazepine
rifampin
St. John's Wort
Enzyme inhibitors - ANSWERfluconazole
,azithromycin
Bactrim
Flagyl
amiodarone
Dabigatran for AF - ANSWER150mg twice daily
75mg twice daily for CrCl 15-30 or CrCl 30-50 with ketoconazole or dronedarone
Avoid with CrCl <15, dialysis, rifampin, CrCl 15-30 with amiodarone, verapamil, ketoconazole,
dronedarone, diltiazem, clarithromycin
Bleeding, dyspepsia, cannot use pillbox
To warfarin: Overlap by 3 days (CrCl >50), 2 days (CrCl 31-50), or 1 day (CrCl 15-30)
From warfarin: INR <2
Rivaroxaban for AF - ANSWER20mg daily with meals
15mg daily with meals for CrCl 15-50 or dialysis
Avoid with rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, St. John's Wort, protease inhibitors, azoles,
conivaptan
To warfarin: Bridge with parenteral anticoagulant
From warfarin: INR <3
Mantel-Haenszel Test - ANSWERCategorical data
Controls for confounders
What decreases power? - ANSWERLow sample size
Incorrect study design
Incorrect statistical test
, Kendall Rank Correlation - ANSWEROrdinal variables
Pearson Product Moment Correlation - ANSWERNormally distributed continuous variables
Spearman Rank Order Correlation - ANSWEROrdinal or non-normally distributed continuous data
Linear Regression - ANSWEROne continuous independent (exposure) variable
2+ continuous dependent (outcome) variables
Simple Logistic Regression - ANSWER2+ categorical or continuous independent variables
One categorical dependent variable
Non-valvular AF - ANSWERAF in the absence of moderate or severe mitral stenosis, mitral valve
repair, or mechanical heart valves
CHADS2 vs CHADS2VASc - ANSWERCHADS2 = CHF, HTN, Age 75+, DM, stroke (2)
CHADS2VASc = CHF, HTN, Age 75+ (2), DM, stroke (2), vascular disease, Age 65-74, female
OAC indicated for score 2+ in men and 3+ in women
When to cardiovert AF - ANSWERAF >48h, anticoagulate for at least 3 weeks before cardioversion
and at least 4 weeks after cardioversion regardless of CHADS2VASc score
May utilize a TEE to visualize the atria to skip the anticoagulation prior to cardioversion
HASBLED - ANSWERHTN (>160)
Abnormal renal (SCr >2.26, dialysis)
Abnormal liver (3x ULN)
Stroke (hx)
Bleed (hx or tendency)
Answers 100% Correct!!
Unpaired T-test - ANSWERContinuous data
2 independent samples
Paired T-test - ANSWERContinuous data
2 paired samples
ANOVA - ANSWERContinuous outcome data
Categorical exposure data
3+ independent variables
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test (Mann-Whitney U Test) - ANSWEROrdinal data
2 independent samples
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test - ANSWEROrdinal data
2 paired samples
Chi Squared Test - ANSWERCategorical data
2 independent samples
Values >5
Fisher's Exact Test - ANSWERCategorical data
2 independent samples
Values <5
,ANCOVA - ANSWERContinuous outcome data
Categorical exposure data
3+ independent variables
Controls for covariates
McNemar Test - ANSWERCategorical data
2 paired samples
Kruskal-Wallis Test - ANSWEROrdinal data
3+ independent samples
≥3 high risk
Warfarin - ANSWERMOA: Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, preventing production of clotting
factors 2 (72h), 7 (6h), 9 (24h), 10 (36h) and inhibits activation of protein C and S
S-warfarin is 5x more potent than R-warfarin
Antibiotics reduce vitamin K synthesis by the intestinal flora
Warfarin clearance affected by amiodarone, propafenone, cimetidine
Enzyme inducers - ANSWERphenytoin
phenobarbital
carbamazepine
rifampin
St. John's Wort
Enzyme inhibitors - ANSWERfluconazole
,azithromycin
Bactrim
Flagyl
amiodarone
Dabigatran for AF - ANSWER150mg twice daily
75mg twice daily for CrCl 15-30 or CrCl 30-50 with ketoconazole or dronedarone
Avoid with CrCl <15, dialysis, rifampin, CrCl 15-30 with amiodarone, verapamil, ketoconazole,
dronedarone, diltiazem, clarithromycin
Bleeding, dyspepsia, cannot use pillbox
To warfarin: Overlap by 3 days (CrCl >50), 2 days (CrCl 31-50), or 1 day (CrCl 15-30)
From warfarin: INR <2
Rivaroxaban for AF - ANSWER20mg daily with meals
15mg daily with meals for CrCl 15-50 or dialysis
Avoid with rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, St. John's Wort, protease inhibitors, azoles,
conivaptan
To warfarin: Bridge with parenteral anticoagulant
From warfarin: INR <3
Mantel-Haenszel Test - ANSWERCategorical data
Controls for confounders
What decreases power? - ANSWERLow sample size
Incorrect study design
Incorrect statistical test
, Kendall Rank Correlation - ANSWEROrdinal variables
Pearson Product Moment Correlation - ANSWERNormally distributed continuous variables
Spearman Rank Order Correlation - ANSWEROrdinal or non-normally distributed continuous data
Linear Regression - ANSWEROne continuous independent (exposure) variable
2+ continuous dependent (outcome) variables
Simple Logistic Regression - ANSWER2+ categorical or continuous independent variables
One categorical dependent variable
Non-valvular AF - ANSWERAF in the absence of moderate or severe mitral stenosis, mitral valve
repair, or mechanical heart valves
CHADS2 vs CHADS2VASc - ANSWERCHADS2 = CHF, HTN, Age 75+, DM, stroke (2)
CHADS2VASc = CHF, HTN, Age 75+ (2), DM, stroke (2), vascular disease, Age 65-74, female
OAC indicated for score 2+ in men and 3+ in women
When to cardiovert AF - ANSWERAF >48h, anticoagulate for at least 3 weeks before cardioversion
and at least 4 weeks after cardioversion regardless of CHADS2VASc score
May utilize a TEE to visualize the atria to skip the anticoagulation prior to cardioversion
HASBLED - ANSWERHTN (>160)
Abnormal renal (SCr >2.26, dialysis)
Abnormal liver (3x ULN)
Stroke (hx)
Bleed (hx or tendency)
